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Enel strategy for zero emission power generation

Enel strategy for zero emission power generation. Pietro Barbucci Enel Research Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria” Budapest, 29 th November 2007. Content. Achievements so far in the environmental field

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Enel strategy for zero emission power generation

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  1. Enel strategy for zero emission power generation • Pietro Barbucci • Enel Research • Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria” • Budapest, 29th November 2007

  2. Content • Achievements so far in the environmental field • Increasing the share of CO2 free power • R&D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation • Solar Power • Geothermal Power • Zero emission coal generation

  3. Enel group

  4. Achievements so far in the environmental field

  5. Enel specific emission trend gCO2/kWh Enel's total emission (Mton) Target 510 618 68 501 <500 56 2000 2005 1990 2005 2006 Enel commitment to reduce CO2 emissions Voluntary agreement signed with the Ministeries of Environment and Industry in 2000 Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to 510 g CO2/kWh by 2006

  6. Not only CO2Enel’s achievements in pollutant reduction DeNOx DeSOx ESP / FF 6 5,3 SO2 5 Flue gas cleaning train NOx Dust 4 g/kWh 2,8 3 2,5 2 0,9 0,9 1 0,6 0,4 0,1 0,03 0 1990 2000 2005 • Trend 2005 vs 2000: • SO2 - 64% • NOx - 33% • Dust - 70% Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve environmental performance of thermal power plants

  7. Increasing the share of CO2 free power

  8. Canada22 MWHydro, biomass Italy 15,358 MW Hydro, geothermal, wind, solar USA 380 MWHydro, wind Guatemala69 MW - Hydro Slovakia 2.329 MW Hydro Costa Rica55 MW - Hydro, wind Brazil 97 MW - Hydro Panama300 MW - Hydro Spain900 MW Hydro, wind, cogeneration Chile100 MW - Hydro Enel’s renewable capacity Present capacity ~19.600 MW In the period 2007-2011 further 1.700 MW of renewable capacity will be added with a total investment of 3.3 billion Euros

  9. Back to nuclear power Slovenske Elektrarne • Nuclear units for a total of 1760 MWe in operation in Slovakia • Completion of units 3&4 of Mochovce NPP (further 880 MWe) started • EPR – MoU with EdF for the participation to the Flamanville project for the construction of an EPR unit Mochovce nuclear power station

  10. Changing generation mix while reducing CO2 emissions Enel Italian generation mix Oil and NG Steam Cycles 20% 29% NG CC 45% Coal 19% Renewables 50% 9% 25% 22% 30% 27% 24% Year Target 2012 2002 2004 • Increasing renewable share • Eliminating oil as a fuel • Using NG only in high efficiency CCPP • Building new coal capacity using best available technologies

  11. La Casella La Spezia Termini Imerese Enel’s high efficiency NGCC Porto Corsini Pietrafitta Total capacity ~5.000 MW Priolo Gargallo

  12. Clean Coal Technologies • These assets need to be preserved in the carbon constrained scenario CCS retrofit technologies required Torrevaldaliga Nord Power Plant 3 units, 2000 MWe • In Italy Enel plans to built 5000 MWe clean coal capacity, substituting existing oil fired or NG fired steam cycles Clean coal plant characteristics: • Closed coal management system •  = 45% • extremely low emission levels First unit in service: Autumn 2008

  13. R & D projects • towards • Zero Emission Power Generation

  14. Lighthouse projects t using BAT Demo projects using advanced technologies Enel’s environment and innovation programmeLaunched September 2006 • Growth in renewables 3,300 million Euros • Innovation project 800 million Euros The areas The approach • Renewables • Energy efficiency distributed generation • Towards “zero emissions” & hydrogen

  15. Enel’s environment and innovation programme • Renewable energy • Archimede project • Innovative PV project • Low-enthalpy geothermal power • Energy farm Energy efficiency and distributed generation • Innovative tri-generation • Smart grid • Green islands Towards “Zero Emission” and Hydrogen Platform • Innovative combustion • CO2 post-combustion capture • CO2 geological sequestration • Hydrogen Park • Hymix for road transport

  16. The Archimede project • An innovative solar thermodynamic plant

  17. NG Combined cycle Solar thermodynamic plant Air NG Flue gas Molten salts Steam 550°C 290°C 540°C Steam 540°C To chimney Pump Condenser Pump The integration sheme Archimede project Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology

  18. Archimede project Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology The solar plant will be integrated with Priolo NGCC Project features: • Net power: 4,7 MWe • Net efficiency: 15,6% • Mirror field surface: 8 ha • Annual gross production: 9,7 GWh Virtual view

  19. kWh/m2 1750 1350 Global insolation in Sicily Priolo Gargallo site The existing NGCC power plant Archimede project Site selection Priolo Gargallo The site has been selected because: • Combined Cycle Power Plant with steam integrability chance • High Global Insulation: 4,7÷4,8 kWh/(m2 day) (max Italian value) • Constant and predictable climate • Not windy • Space available for solar field (100ha) • Flat site with 360° free horizon • Good auxiliary structures

  20. Innovative PV project

  21. Catania PV laboratories Prototype 2 Climatic chambers Meteo station Prototype1 Solar simulator 21

  22. Catania PV laboratories • Concentrated photovoltaic system based on triple-junction cells (Sol3g)

  23. Adrano PV demonstration site 150kW Si-based concentrating technology 420kW Multi-junction concentrating technology 300 kW Flat modules on tracking system

  24. Innovating geothermal generation

  25. Low enthalpy geothermal project The project Realization of hybrid demo-plant (geothermal+solar) Identification of a hybrid cycle able to optimize efficiency and power production of low-enthalpy plants • Realization of 0.5MW binary cycle demo plant • Optimization of cycle configuration in order to achieve high flexibility • Identification of optimal working fluid Second law efficiency 50% Current situation Conventional organic binary cycle with 1 or 2 pressure levels 25% 1 year 2-3 years Time

  26. Condenser Turbine Generator Pump Injection pump Production well Injection well Geothermal reservoir Low enthalpy – Binary plants • For water dominant resources with temperature lower than 180°C, the binary cycle technology is the most efficient • The geofluid energy is transferred through a heat exchanger to a secondary fluid that works in a closed ORC cycle • The binary power plants have the least environmental impact due to the “confinement” of the geofluid

  27. Binary plants Applications for high enthalpy resources Heat-Recovery secondary cycles: • Bottom-cycle: exploitation of the brine’s thermal energy exiting the flash vessel • Exploitation of the heat of the condensing vapor exiting the atmospheric turbine • Combination of the two solutions as depicted in the figure

  28. Sesta experimental station Gas turbine combustor test facility Binary cycle demo plant

  29. Zero emission coal generation • Demonstrating carbon capture and sequestration technologies

  30. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)Why • Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the Zero Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants Technology Platform that: • Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity generation in the decades to come • Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply • Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the continued use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce the GHG emissions in the atmosphere • Enel needs to preserve its current investments in clean coal capacity

  31. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)How Post-combustion capture N2, O2, H2O Flue gas Fuel Boiler CO2 separation Air CO2 Oxy-combustion Transport to storage site CO2, (H2O) CO2 treatment and compression Fuel Boiler O2 (CO2, H2O) recirculation CO2 Pre-combustion capture H2 H2, CO2 Gasification + gas shift CO2 separation GT Fuel N2, O2, H2O Air O2

  32. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)What • This is why Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of CCS technologies by: • Promoting two demo projects in the areas of post-combustion capture and oxy-combustion technologies • Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of pre-combustion technology

  33. Content of the presentation • Enel CCS1 Post-combustion capture and storage demo project • Enel CCS2 Oxy-coal combustion project • Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC

  34. Post-combustion capture and storage demo project Enel CCS1

  35. Post-combustion capture and storage demo project Project goal To retrofit one large size coal fired unit with CO2 capture equipment and start CO2 underground storage by 2012 Enel CCS1

  36. Post-combustion capture and storage demo project Time schedule Design - construction Operation Design - construction Operation Enel CCS1

  37. Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant Brindisi coal fired power plant 4 units x 660 MWe Site of CO2 capture pilot plant Enel CCS1

  38. Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant Plant specifications Process main streams Raw gas Enel CCS1

  39. Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant Project milestones Plant lay-out Enel CCS1

  40. C A B Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site • Italy has theoretically a significant potential for CO2 geological storage into deep saline aquifers • Studies are in progress to evaluate in detail the storage potential in areas A, B and C that are the areas surrounding possible sites for the post-combustion capture demo. Studies are carried out by INGV, OGS and other Italian geological Institutes Enel CCS1

  41. Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site Study of Alto Lazio site (area A) MATILDE 1 well Geological Profile Enel CCS1

  42. Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site Study of the South-East Site (area B) Enel CCS1

  43. Phase 5 – Post-combustion demo plant • Demo main features Enel will candidate this project for the “European Flagship Programme” Enel CCS1

  44. Enel CCS2Oxy-coal combustion project

  45. Oxy-coal combustion project Project goal To build by 2012 a small (35-70 MWe) zero emission coal fired power plant based on a pressurized oxy-combustion technology already proved at pilot scale Enel CCS2

  46. Oxy-coal combustion project Time schedule Design - construction Operation Operation Design - construction Decision point Enel CCS2

  47. Oxy-coal combustion projectPhase 1 and 2 Modelling for combustor scale-up Tests using coal on the 5 MWth Isotherm pilot plant. ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle Investment decision for Phase 3 November 2007 Preliminary design of full scale combustor demo Good results so far Positive decision expected Enel CCS2

  48. Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo Technical data Milestones Combustor power 48 MWt Process pressure 10 bar Fuel coal slurry Boiler pressurized, new design Oxygen cryogenic storage/VSA Oxygen mass flow rate 400 t/d @ 90% purity Steam generation55 t/h @ 240 bar - 600°C Yearly operating hours3000 h Invest decision Nov 07 Detailed Eng May 08 Permitting compl Jun08 Ground breaking Sep 08 Commissioning Dec 09 Enel CCS2

  49. Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo A.S.U. Oil C.W.F. Preparation Plant C.W.F. Oxygen Storage Control Room Blower Coal Ashes Tanks ISOTHERMReactor Flue gas treatment PressurizedBoiler Enel CCS2

  50. Oxy-coal combustion project Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo Brindisi coal fired power plant 4 units x 660 MWe Site of full scale combustor demo Enel CCS2

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