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Zero Emission

Advancing Fuel Cell Vehicles and Infrastructure. Zero Emission. Zero Carbon. Significance of Fuel Cell Vehicle Development. Renewable fuel. Limited energy resources. Fuel cell technology. CO 2 reduction. Global warming. Hybrid and internal combustion engine technology.

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Zero Emission

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  1. Advancing Fuel Cell Vehicles and Infrastructure Zero Emission Zero Carbon

  2. Significance of Fuel Cell Vehicle Development Renewable fuel Limited energy resources Fuel cell technology CO2 reduction Global warming Hybrid and internal combustion engine technology Atmospheric pollution 大気汚染 Exhaust emissions reduction (CO, HC, NOx) 1990 2000 2010 2020 Present FCV technology has the potential to concurrently help solve the problems of atmospheric pollution, global warming, and limited energy resources. HydrogenFCV FCV running on hydrogen made from natural energy sources = Zero CO2 emissions 2

  3. FCV Success: Importance of Approach CaFCP CaFCP Honda’s Focus: • Fuel Cell Technology Advancement • Customer Use & Feedback • H2 Infrastructure Innovation • And: Effective Cooperation • (e.g. CaFCP, CA H2 Net)

  4. 57 miles/kg EPA combined rating (label) Up to 210 mile range, EPA rated ~5 minute refueling time -20 to 95 deg. C Fuel Cell Operation 80kW (109 hp) Motor Power Navigation System – H2 stations Honda FCX

  5. FCX Commercial Certification Environment EPA/CARB Fuel Economy & Range Certification Safety NHTSA (DOT) FMVSS compliance

  6. Honda FCX Lease activity New York California & Nevada CANADA San Francisco Albany New York Las Vegas AQMD LA AHM Spallino Family ：03M FCX Chula Vista ：05M FCX ：04M FCX

  7. HONDA FCX Market Launch History Consumer Lease Individual The approach taken: 2005 Hot weather Operation Las Vegas Cold weather Operation New York Extend FCX operation area Chula Vista SCAQMD H2 HWY 2004 San Francisco Distant Operation 2002 Los Angeles Start with local HONDA fleet customer

  8. Honda’s Steps to date: • 1. Design and deliver FCV for a real customers (Starting with City of LA, 2002) • Confirm FCV Freeze-capable performance (New York State Gov’t, Winter 2004) • Deliver FCV for individual consumer use (Starting in So. California, June 2005) Start of Individual Consumer Leases Consumer use will be the key to AFV success - Effort on vehicle technology and market-based activity, but, where do we go from here?

  9. Honda FC Power Plant Technology Advancement

  10. Fuel Cell Structure MEA Previous stack Carbon separators Supporting parts ・disk springs ・Backup plate ・Large size bolts End plate Carbon separator Bolt Seals Separate seals Disk spring Backup plate Latest Honda FC stack MEA Stamped metal separator →Thickness (reduced by half) Panels Metal separator Springiness of the metal separator →Number of supporting parts (reduced by half) End plate Fewer parts Unitized seal Stamped metal separator (unitized seal）

  11. Output density of FC STACK 1.5 Honda FC STACK 1.0 More than double Output with weight density (kW/kg) 0.5 2001 1999 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Output with volumetric density (kW/L)

  12. Ultra-Capacitor Performance Positive electrode collector plate Electrode body (activated carbon, aluminum foil, Separator) Aluminum case

  13. Sub-Zero Temperature Performance Hydrogen ion conductivity of electrolyte membrane High 1 Reduced To 1/2 Previous Fluorine Membrane Membrane resistance 0.5 Operating range Aromatic Membrane 0 Low -20 0 -30 -10 10 20 30 Temperature (oC)

  14. Customer Environment New York State (Albany) NYS Temperature 2004-2005 Winter ’05 Dec ’05 Jan Feb Mar

  15. Customer Environment Las Vegas Las Vegas Temperature 2005 Summer ’05 Jun Jul Aug Sep

  16. Vehicle Energy Efficiency Efficiency tank to wheels on FTP (City) Driving Cycle Tank-to-Wheel Energy Efficiency Comparisons Enhancement of energy efficiency 60 New FCX 55% 50 Enhanced hydrogen circulation efficiency 40 New FCX ~2 Times Energy efficiency (%) Enhanced air supply efficiency ~3 Times ~＋20% Energy Efficiency (%) 30 2005-6 FCX Previous FC model Enhanced fuel cell power generation efficiency 20 Hybrid vehicle 45% Gasoline -engine vehicle 10 Previous model 0 Honda internal calculations，LA-4 Mode

  17. Driving Range 210 mi 190 mi 160 mi 250 Refueling Performance FC System Efficiency 200 10% ~20% 150 Driving range *(Mi) 2006 FCX 2005 FCX 100 2004 FCX 50 0 *EPA officially rated range

  18. Next Steps: FCV Advancement • 4 Door Sedan Design Concept, New FC Packaging (V-flow) • Low floor height • FC Stack hidden between seats

  19. New stack architecture: vertical gas and water flow: Air H2 • Compact • Efficient • Enhanced sub-zero startup & operation Water

  20. New Value from Fuel Cell Infrastructure ・ Construction of fuel infrastructure ・ Establish codes and standards For Attractive Characteristics: To Complete the Vehicle: + • Durability • Environmental Adaptability • Driving range • Cost • Drivability & Response • Silent • Clean • Spacious • Etc. New value from Fuel Cell Electricity Hydrogen gas for FCX Hot water

  21. Honda Research on Hydrogen Stations Home Energy Station Renewable Energy Hydrogen Station Solar Energy Input Natural Gas Input Research into hydrogen production and supply systems for a hydrogen-based society of the future

  22. Renewable Hydrogen Station Solar Array - Electrolysis of Water - H2 FCX Usage 10,000miles / year (from solar array H2 only) Honda R&D facility in Torrance, CA High pressure tanks Waterelectrolyzer Compressor Dispenser Converter Solar cells Grid System diagram

  23. ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ Home Energy Station @ LA，NY Home Refueling with Co-generation of Heat and Electricity Heat Fuel cell ～ Electricity Inverter Natural gas Reform Purify Hydrogen Storage tank Compress Natural Gas line HES II in Albany, New York (Honda & Plug Power Development)

  24. Home Energy Station Progress to date HES I HES II HES III Specifications H2 Production 33.3 33.3 52.0 (slm) Electrical Output 5.0 4.0 5.0 (kW) H2 Purity > 99.99 > 99.99 > 99.99 (%) H2 Pressure 41.4 34.5 50.0 (MPa) Storage Capacity 11.9 3.3 5.2 (kg-H2) System Size 4500 2000 1400 (liter) Operation 10/03 – 6/05 11/04- 11/05- Test Site Torrance, CA Latham, NY Torrance, CA

  25. FCV Summary Fuel cell vehicle is the most promising technology for lowest GHG and use of sustainable energy sources. The 2005/6 FCX is powered by Honda FC Stack with the breakthrough ability to start and operate in sub-freezing temperatures, making it possible to place the car in northern regions.  Honda is taking a comprehensive approach that includes the development of both fuel cell and refueling technologies towards a hydrogen society. Over the next decade and beyond, need improvements to resolve technical hurdles and reduce cost.

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