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RNA

Learn about RNA, its three types - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, their functions, and the process of transcription to create mRNA from DNA. Explore the differences between DNA and RNA.

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RNA

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  1. RNA

  2. Ribonucleic Acid • Single nucleotide strand • Sugar: Ribose • 4 Bases: • A: Adenine • G: Guanine • C: Cytosine • U: Uracil • U replaces T • Three Types of RNA

  3. Messenger RNA • mRNA • Function: Copies the DNA code and moves to a ribosome • Link between DNA & Protein • Allows ribosome to create a protein • Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

  4. Transfer RNA Amino acid Proline Amino acid Serine • tRNA • Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome • Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein • Location: Cytoplasm

  5. Ribosomal RNA • rRNA • Function: components of ribosomes

  6. U| Defined: Process of making mRNA from DNA Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA nucleotides Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA Reminder: U replaces T Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces Step 4: mRNA processing takes place Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again G| Transcription G| C| A| A| G| U| C| A| U| U| C|

  7. Step 2: Free floating mRNA nucleotides match up Step 1: RNA polymerase splits the DNA Step 5 & 6: mRNA travels to ribosome and DNA reconnects Step 3: mRNA breaks free Step 4: Remaining exons bond together RNA polymerase

  8. Transcription Animation

  9. Transcription Video Click if video won’t play

  10. Double Stranded Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G Location: Nucleus DNA vs. RNA • Single strand • Sugar: Ribose • Bases: A U C G • Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm

  11. Review • Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. • Which RNA: • is found inside the nucleus? • transports amino acids to the ribosome? • exits the nucleus to the ribosome? • copies the DNA code? • makes up the structure of ribosomes? • Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created. T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C

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