RNA

1. RNA Transcription & Translation get the message out and control all of biology in the cell.

2. The Central Dogma of Molecular BiologyDNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into protein

5. RNA RNA molecules are very similar to DNA, except that the ribose sugar has an extra -OH group on the #2 sugar. Instead of tyhmine, RNA uses the base uracil Interestingly, single stranded RNA molecules do not form a double helix with other RNA strands, but only with complementary strands of DNA. RNA molecules are much less chemically stable than DNA.

25. The Central Dogma of Molecular BiologyDNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into protein

33. mRNA signals

35. cDNAcDNA is made from RNA by the enzyme "reverse-transcriptase"

36. cDNA can be cloned cDNA = "copy DNA" or "complementary DNA" cDNA can be used in the lab like ordinary DNA it can be cloned into plasmids and sequenced ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) are sequences from cDNA It is fairly easy to make a cDNA "library" which contains all of the mRNAs from a batch of cells

37. cDNA sequences Expressed DNA Locates the genes on the chromosome Identifies genes that are active in a particular group of cells Can be quantitative

38. Genome Alignment

39. cDNAs have no INTRONS! Can easily predict the protein sequence of the gene product (computational translation) Cloned cDNAs can be expressed as proteins in bacteria