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8-Bit Gray Code Converter

8-Bit Gray Code Converter. By Martin Serena, Dang Ly, Khoa Ly. Overview. Gray Code Background Delegated Duties Method of Design Target Specifications Simulation Results Block Diagram Schematics, Symbols, Layouts, and Simulations Design References Conclusion. Gray Code Background.

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8-Bit Gray Code Converter

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  1. 8-Bit Gray Code Converter By Martin Serena, Dang Ly, Khoa Ly

  2. Overview • Gray Code Background • Delegated Duties • Method of Design • Target Specifications • Simulation Results • Block Diagram • Schematics, Symbols, Layouts, and Simulations • Design References • Conclusion

  3. Gray Code Background • Conversion works in both directions • Binary  Gray , Gray  Binary • One bit changes from number to number • Not arithmetic • Not weighted (e.g. 222120) • Limits the amount of error that can occur when several bits change between numbers • No limit to number of converted bits

  4. Binary to Gray Code Conversion 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 (BC) • MSB does not change as a result of conversion • Start with MSB of binary number and add it to neighboring binary bit to get the next Gray code bit • Repeat for subsequent Gray coded bits 1 0 1 0 (GC)

  5. Gray to Binary Code Conversion 1 0 1 0 (GC) + + + • MSB does not change as a result of conversion • Start with MSB of binary number and add it to the second MSB of the Gray code to get the next binary bit • Repeat for subsequent binary coded bits 1 1 0 0 (BC)

  6. Delegated Duties • Martin – Binary to Gray Conversion, Gray to Binary Conversion (XOR gates) • Dang – Binary/Gray Output Selection (MUXs) • Khoa – Binary Code Counter, Parallel-to-Parallel Shift Register (D flip-flops)

  7. Method of Design • Decided on an initial load capacitance (Cin) • Partitioned the circuit into different propagation delay times according to gate/device requirements, and divided propagation delay times amongst the individual gates and devices • Created the symbol and layout for out each type of gate (XOR, MUX, NAND) • Connected gate symbols to create device symbols • Connected gate layouts to create device layouts • Connected device symbols to create circuit schematics, and connected device layouts to create circuit layouts

  8. Target Specifications • Conversion: • Binary Code to Gray Code • Gray Code to Binary Code • Propagation delay times: • XOR (each): 0.4 nS • MUX (each): 0.3 nS • D flip-flop (each): 0.63 nS (worst-case fall time) • Technology specs (size): • Minimum Channel Width = 1.5 m • Minimum Channel Length = 0.6 m • Power < ¼ Watt • Clock Speed = 200 MHz • Total area as small as possible

  9. Simulation Results • Successfully converts binary and Gray codes • Propagation Delay • XOR (each): 0.338 nS (worst-case) • MUX (each): 0.35 nS (worst-case) • D flip-flop (each): 1.14 nS (worst-case fall time) • Technology specs (size) • Transistor Lengths: 0.6 m • XOR: Wp = 3.9 m Wn = 3.75 m • MUX: Wp = 6 m Wn = 3 m • D Flip-Flop: Wp = 18 m Wn = 10 m

  10. Simulation Results • Power (using the power meter) • 39.94 mW • Clock Speed • 200 MHz • Total Area • Gray code converter: 6.03E-4 cm2 • Counter: 10.2E-4 cm2

  11. Block Diagram

  12. XOR Schematic

  13. XOR Symbol

  14. XOR Layout

  15. XOR Extracted

  16. XOR LVS Report

  17. XOR Test Bench

  18. XOR Transient Analysis

  19. XOR Threshold

  20. MUX Schematic

  21. MUX Symbol

  22. MUX Layout

  23. MUX Extracted

  24. MUX LVS Report

  25. MUX Test Bench

  26. MUX Transient Analysis

  27. MUX Transient Analysis

  28. NAND3 Schematic

  29. NAND3 Symbol

  30. NAND3 Layout

  31. NAND3 Extracted

  32. NAND3 LVS Report

  33. NAND3 Test Bench

  34. NAND3 Transient Analysis

  35. D Flip-Flop Schematic

  36. D Flip-Flop Symbol

  37. D Flip-Flop Layout

  38. D Flip-Flop Extracted

  39. D Flip-Flop LVS Report

  40. D Flip-Flop Test Bench

  41. D Flip-Flop Transient Analysis

  42. Counter Schematic

  43. Counter Symbol

  44. Counter Layout

  45. Counter Extracted

  46. Counter LVS Report

  47. Counter Transient Analysis

  48. Gray Code Converter Schematic

  49. Gray Code Converter Symbol

  50. Gray Code Converter Layout

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