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ted/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.html

http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.html. Bellwork: Tues. April 11, 2017. Write the “ red ” down immediately…. We will watch part of a short TED video to get the answers.

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ted/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.html

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  1. http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.html

  2. Bellwork: Tues. April 11, 2017 Write the “red” down immediately…. We will watch part of a short TED video to get the answers... • You have about 100X more bacterial genes playing a role in or on your body than your human genes – so … 1. You “are” only ___% to ___% human (genes) -> or ____% to ____% bacterial (genes.) (Creepy) 2. Why is the discovery that bacteria can talk to each other so important?

  3. E. Coli O157:H7 can make you very sick. Streptococcus can cause strep throat. This E. coli helps you digest food. bacteria • Single celled prokaryoticorganisms • Very small 1 to 5 micrometers • Need a microscope to see • Can be found on most materials and surfaces • Billions on and in your body right now

  4. Classifying Prokaryotes Prokaryotes are classified as Bacteria or Archaea: 2 of the 3 domains of life.

  5. most abundant microorganismson Earth • DNA is in cytoplasm (not in a membrane-bound nucleus like eukaryotes.) • ex: E. coli.

  6. Kingdom Bacteria live almost everywhere: fresh water, salt water, on land, on and within the bodies of humans and other eukaryotes. Escherichia coli

  7. Bacteria • cell wall that protects the cell from injury and determines its shape. • containpeptidoglycan sugars and amino acids that surrounds the cell membrane. • Some bacteria, have a second membrane outside the peptidoglycan wall that makes the cell especially resistant to damage.

  8. peptidoglycan This layer becomes important in gram staining

  9. Kingdom Archaea • Cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan, and their membranes contain different lipids. • DNA sequences of key archaea genes are more like those of eukaryotes (us) than those of bacteria. • Scientists think archaea and eukaryotes are related more closely to each otherthan to bacteria.

  10. Archaea • live in extremely harsh environments. • One group produces methane gas and live in environments with little or no oxygen, such as thick mud and the digestive tracts of animals. • Other archaea live in extremely salty environments - Utah’s Great Salt Lake, or in hot springs where temperatures approach the boiling point of water.

  11. Size, Shape, and Movement • bacteria are distinguished by shape, arrangement, whether they move and how they move. • Some prokaryotes do not move. Others are propelled by flagella. Some glide slowly along a layer of slimelike material they secrete.

  12. What do they look like? • Three basic shapes • Rod shaped: bacilli (buh-sill-eye) • Round shaped: cocci (cox-eye) • Spiral shaped • Some exist as single cells, others cluster together Bacilli Cocci Cluster of cocci Spiral

  13. Arrangements of Bacteria • Coccus Two (pair) = diplococcus Chain = Streptococcus Cluster = Staphylococcus • Bacillus • Two (pair)= diplobacillus • Chain = Streptobacillus • Coccobacillus • Vibrio = curved • Spirillum • Spirochete • Square • Star Chapter 4

  14. Chapter 4

  15. Chapter 4

  16. Bacteria: 3 types of symbiotic relationships: Parasitic (+ , - ) Mutualistic: (+ , + ) both symbionts benefit. Example:  Nitrogen fixationin cyanobacteria:   Commensualistic (+ , 0 )

  17. Reproduction • binary fission: when a prokaryote has grown so that it has nearly doubled in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half producing 2 identical cells – asexual form of reproduction

  18. endospore: thick internal wall enclosing DNA and cytoplasm when growth conditions become unfavorable – • many prokaryotic cells form these • can remain dormant for months or even years.

  19. Conjugation When prokaryotes exchange genetic information - bridge forms between 2 bacteria, & a plasmid(bacterial genetic material) moves from 1 to the other. (New genetic combination – evolve = better survival

  20. Conjugation • Many plasmids carry genes that enable bacteria to survive in new environments or to resist antibiotics that might otherwise prove fatal. • evolve= better survival genetic diversity in populations of prokaryotes.

  21. Bellwork: Wed. March 12, 2017 Name the bacteria type and draw it!: 1. 2. 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iE-JbtxB6w

  22. The Importance of Bacteria (Prokayotes) • Decomposers: break down complex organic molecules into simpler molecules in soil and in rotting plant material such as fallen logs… • industrial sewage treatment, helping to produce purified water and chemicals http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/marssim/simhtml/info/whats-a-decomposer.html

  23. Nitrogen Fixers: Rhizobium bacteria live symbiotically in nodules of legume roots on soybeans, beans, clover converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants.

  24. Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 80 % of Earth’s atmosphere, but only prokaryotes can convert N2 into useful forms.

  25. Nitrogen fixation:converts nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3). Ammonia: (NH3)can then be converted to nitrates that plants use, or attached to amino acids that all organisms use. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NKGS4bj7cc

  26. Photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria A.K.A. blue green algae) are among the most important producers (of oxygen)on the planet. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uU00tg98Jjw

  27. Food chains are dependent upon prokaryotes as producers of food and biomass.

  28. Human uses of Bacteria Yogurt is produced by the bacterium Lactobacillus. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HL5iOE3kT8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjPvSpKh5oI Cheese: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKXsYmYpCIk

  29. Some bacteria can digest petroleum and remove human-made waste products and poisons from water. WRITE THIS ON THE BACK: • Bioremediation —boosting microbial activity by ensuring a steady supply of such nutrients— https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM5bQscTjgs

  30. Human uses of Bacteria Other bacteria are used to synthesize drugs and chemicals through the techniques of genetic engineering. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlqD4UWCuws

  31. Human uses of Bacteria Bacteria and archaea adapted to extreme environments may be a rich source of heat-stable enzymes that can be used in medicine, food productioN AND BEYOND EARTH? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJgi1Kz6Ejc

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