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Nutrients

Nutrients. Section 49-1. Vitamins. Serves as coenzymes Activate enzymes and help them function Body can’t make them (can make D) Dissolve in water or fat Water- Vitamin B and C Fat- Vitamin A,D,E, and K. Minerals. Some come from the soil Calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron

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Nutrients

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  1. Nutrients Section 49-1

  2. Vitamins • Serves as coenzymes • Activate enzymes and help them function • Body can’t make them (can make D) • Dissolve in water or fat • Water- Vitamin B and C • Fat- Vitamin A,D,E, and K

  3. Minerals • Some come from the soil • Calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron • Also in meat and seafood • Iron in meat • Iodine in seafood (and iodized salt) • Used for body functions • Ex: Iron- make red blood cells, Iodine- thyroid secretion • Are excreted through sweat and urine

  4. Water • Over half of body weight • Makes up over 90% of fluid in body • Carries nutrients • Where reactions occur • Regulates body temperature • Dehydration-when water is lost, makes cytoplasm more concentrated • Can die if we lose 12% of body water

  5. Digestive System Section 49-2

  6. Digestive System • Gastrointestinal tract is where digestion occurs • Mouth, esophagus, stomach , small intestine, large intestine, anus • Other organs aid in digestion • Liver, pancreas, gallbladder

  7. Mouth • Physically breaks down food into smaller particles • The tongue keeps food between chewing surfaces and forms a bolus (ball) • Also starts chemical digestion with saliva • Mucus lubricates • Salivary amylase breaks down carbs

  8. Pharynx and Esophagus • Organs of swallowing, forced down pharynx • Both air and food, epiglottis seperates • Peristalsis (muscle contractions) force food down esophagus

  9. Stomach • Upper left side of abdominal cavity (below diaphragm), J shaped when full, folds when empty • Digestion begins: fluid= mucus (protection), digestive enzymes (for protein), and hydrochloric acid (minerals and bacteria) • Churns for 3 to 4 hours, makes chyme, and is forced to small intestine

  10. Liver • To the right of the stomach and below the diaphragm • Secretes bile (breaks up fat) into gallbladder • Also stores glycogen and breaks down toxic substances

  11. Gallbladder • Stores and concentrates bile • Secretes bile into small intestine when chyme is present

  12. Pancreas • Behind the stomach • Secretes pancreatic fluid into the small intestine • Breaks down disaccharides, proteins, and fats

  13. Small Intestine • About 21 feet long • Duodenum (10in), jejunum (8ft), and ileum (13ft) • Mucus secreted (protection) • Digestion completed • Breaks down peptides, disaccharides, and fats • Covered in villi and microvilli for maximum absorption • More area 2,685ft2, a tennis court

  14. Large Intestine • AKA colon • Organ of elimination and water absorption • Only vitamins and minerals produced by the bacteria that live there are absorbed • Absorption of water solidifies the leftovers • Mucus is secreted to make passing easier • Rectum is the final portion of large intestine • Elimination is thru the anus

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