Nancy Holman & Alan Mace LSE Geography and Environment

1. Nancy Holman & Alan MaceLSE Geography and Environment Handling conflict in compact city development Delivering high quality density in a low density culture – planning experience in the UK

2. City antipathy • Tudor Walters • Consumer preference?

3. City fix • UTF • Multiple win-win outcomes • Significance of density • Density minimum – now gone • Low density culture

4. Low density culture Position-taking on density Cheshire (2006) summarises - and takes a position - thus: “Higher densities are good because that is how cities ‘ought to be’ […]. Yet, on examination, the evidence for all of these claims is inadequate. Sometimes this is because whilst the simple fact is correct, the complicated reality means that the price paid is higher than the values generated.” (p. 1242-3)

5. Planning and housing numbers • Planning as tool to mediate density

6. Housing numbers Actuary Dept Government NPPG SHMA (Region) SA SHLAA Local Planning Authority 5-15 supply Density

7. Housing numbers Actuary Dept Government NPPG SHMA SA SHLAA Local Planning Authority 5-15 supply Density

8. Government Design NPPG To boost the supply of housing, local planning authorities should...set out their own approach to housing density to reflect local circumstance Open space Density (Region) Public infrastruc- ture Internal space Private infrastruc- ture Local Planning Authority

9. Government Design NPPG To boost the supply of housing, local planning authorities should...set out their own approach to housing density to reflect local circumstance Open space Density Public infrastruc- ture Internal space Private infrastruc- ture Local Planning Authority

10. Empirical work – Manchester • City + developer interest – boosterism • Economic context of city • Preference for negotiation, ‘soft’ policy • Developers – lack of LA experience handling density • Uncertain claims • Cheshire (2006)mixed communities • Neuman (2005) density/transport

11. City fix • City fix in country that doesn’t like cities? • Lowest level of internal space • Low satisfaction with homes • Allen & Blandy; Hebbert; Eldridge and Roberts • Failure to fix the city? • Depending on criteria, physical change (yes), balanced community (no)

12. Questions, comments • Allen, Chris, and Sarah Blandy. 2004. ‘The Future of City Living: Implications for Urban Policy’. http://www.rmd.communities.gov.uk/project.asp?intProjectID=11638. • Cheshire, Paul, Steve Gibbons, and Ian Gordon. 2008. Policies for ‘Mixed Communities’: A Critical Evaluation. Spatial Economics Research Centre (SERC) Policy Paper. http://www.spatialeconomics.ac.uk/textonly/SERC/publications/download/sercpp002.pdf. • Cheshire. 2006. ‘Resurgent Cities, Urban Myths and Policy Hubris: What We Need to Know’. Urban Studies 43 (8) (July): 1231–1246 • Colomb, Claire. 2007. ‘Unpacking New Labour’s “Urban Renaissance” Agenda. Towards a Socially Sustainable Reurbanization of British Cities?’ Planning Practice and Research 22 (1): 1–24. • David Harvey. 1989. ‘From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism’. GeografiskaAnnaler. Series B, Human Geograph 71 (1): 3–17. • Eldridge, Adam, and Marion Roberts. 2008. ‘A Comfortable Night Out? Alcohol, Drunkenness and Inclusive Town Centres’. Area 40 (3) (September 1): 365–374. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00813.x. • Hebbert, Michael. 2009. ‘Manchester - “Making It Happen”’. In John Punter (ed) Urban Design and the British Urban Renaissance, 51–67. Routledge. • Kitchen, Ted. 1997. People, Politics, Policies and Plans: The City Planning Process in Contemporary Britain. SAGE. • MCC, Manchester City Council. 2007. ‘Guide to Development in Manchester: Supplementary Planning Document and Planning Guidance’. Manchester City Council. • Neuman, Michael. 2005. ‘The Compact City Fallacy’. Journal of Planning Education and Research 25 (1) (September 1): 11–26. doi:10.1177/0739456X04270466. • Robson, Brian. 2002. ‘Mancunian Ways: The Politics of Regeneration’. In J. Peck & K. Ward City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester, 34–49. • Swenarton, Mark. 2002. ‘Tudor Walters and Tudorbethan: Reassessing Britain’s Inter-war Suburbs’. Planning Perspectives 17 (3): 267–286. • UTF, (Urban Task Force the). 1999. Towards an Urban Renaissance. 1st ed. London: Routledge. • Whitehead, Christine. 2008. The Density Debate: A Personal View. East Thames Housing Group, London.

13. Requirement to create a plan Consult on SA procedure Drafting Consultation SA review of draft Consultation SA review of draft SA review of draft Consultation Consultation Government Voluntary Private Community In practice Title