1 / 33

ARTICULATIONS

ARTICULATIONS. WHAT IS A JOINT?. A site where two or more bones meet. Provides mobility Weakest point of skeleton. Joint Structure. Fibrous connective membranes Sutures – connected by short fibers from the periosteum (becomes synostosis in adult)

Download Presentation

ARTICULATIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. ARTICULATIONS

  2. WHAT IS A JOINT? A site where two or more bones meet. Provides mobility Weakest point of skeleton

  3. Joint Structure • Fibrous connective membranes • Sutures – connected by short fibers from the periosteum (becomes synostosis in adult) • Syndesmoses – connected by ligaments (distal end of tibia & fibula) • Gomphoses -- “peg in sockets” (tooth sockets)

  4. Joint Structure • Cartilaginous - hyaline cartilage holding joint together • Synchondroses– cartilage unites bones (epiphyseal plates & costal joints) • Symphyses – connected by fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, vertebral joints)

  5. Joint Structure • Synovial joints – separated by a fluid containing joint cavity • Diarthroses - freely moveable joints such as shoulder, knee, hip, and most others

  6. Joints classified by function • Synarthroses • NO MOVEMENT • (sutures, gomphoses, synchondroses, some syndesmoses) • Amphiarthroses – • SLIGHT MOVEMENT • (symphyses, some syndesmoses

  7. Joints by function • Diarthroses - FREELY MOVABLE • Plane (gliding) - tarsals and carpals • Condyloid (ellipsoid) – metacarpophalangeal joints • Pivot - Atlas/Axis; Radius/Capitulum • Saddle - Thumbs • Hinge – Elbow, Knee • Ball and socket – Shoulders, Hips

  8. Suture

  9. Synchrondroses

  10. Syndesmosis

  11. Symphyses

  12. Synovial Joint

  13. Ball & Socket Joint

  14. Condyloid Joint

  15. Hinge Joint

  16. Pivot Joint

  17. Saddle Joint

  18. Plane (Gliding) Joint

  19. Structure of Diarthrotic Joint • Two or more opposing bones • Joint capsule of connective tissue surrounds joint cavity • Joint cavity lined with synovial membrane • Articular cartilage – covers ends of bone • Menisci (articular disks) - cartilage pads (knee) • Bursae – flattened sacs filled with synovial fluid • Ligaments – attach bone to bone • Tendons – attach muscle to bone

  20. Synovial Joint

  21. Types of Movement • Flexion/Extension • Abduction/Adduction • Circumduction • Rotation • Protraction/Retraction

  22. Protraction / Retraction

  23. Types of Movement • Elevation/Depression • Inversion/Eversion • Pronation/Supination • Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion

  24. Supination / Pronation

  25. Elevation / Depression

  26. Inversion / Eversion

  27. Joint Injuries • Sprains - ligaments stretched or torn • Cartilage Injuries - torn cartilage rarely repairs because it’s avascular) • Dislocations (luxation) - bones moved out of alignment

  28. Knee Joint

  29. Inflammatory/Degenerative Conditions • Bursitis - inflammation of a bursa caused by blow or friction • Tendonitis - inflammation of tendons caused by overuse • Arthritis

  30. Arthritis • >100 different types; affecting 1 out of 7 • Osteoarthritis - Wear & Tear; affects 85% • Rheumatoid Arthritis - Autoimmune • May occur at any age; Most common around 40-50; Affects 1-2% of Americans • Immune cells attack joint tissue causing scarring & ossification • Ankylosis = stiff deformed joints • Gouty Arthritis (Gout) • Caused by build up of Uric Acid

  31. Other Bone Disorders • Rickets - soft bones; lack of calcium due to vitamin D deficiency • Osteoporosis - excessive bone loss • Paget’s disease - excessive bone formation • Osteomyelitis - Inflammation caused by pus-forming bacteria • Achondroplasia - defective endochondral bone growth; form of dwarfism

  32. Osteosarcoma - form of bone cancer • Scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine • Kyphosis - abnormal thoracic curvature • Lordosis - abnormal lumbar curvature • Herniated Disk (Ruptured or Slipped Disk) - compression on intervertebral disk presses on nerves

More Related