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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. the need to maintain peace and order , the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger. . POWERS. Inherent in governing To control actions through diverse means : Brute forces Negotiation

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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

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  1. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

  2. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • the need to maintain peace and order, the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger.

  3. POWERS • Inherent in governing • To control actions through diverse means: • Brute forces • Negotiation • Promise or reward • Exchange of goods and services • Appeal o the common good

  4. IF POWER IS LEGITIMATE, THEN IT IS AUTHORITY • AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE FOLLOWING: • TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY • leader which he inherited from his predecessor. • CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY • depends on his ability to inspire people to express his will. • RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY • the leader rules under limited length of time, usually under explicit limitations set by the constitution

  5. DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • BAND • TRIBE • STATE

  6. BAND • existed in the hunting and gathering societies. • There is neither permanent member nor leader. Members come and go. • only organize themselves for the purpose of doing together the economic activities. • 30-50 members

  7. TRIBE • also called “acephalus” meaning “no head.” • “No head” means there is no central authority which governs the tribe. • headed by the headman, big man or chieftain.

  8. STATE • number of people occupying a particular territory having an organized government and independent of external control.

  9. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE • Divine Right Theory • Social Contract Theory • Patriarchal Theory • Necessity and Force Theory • Economic and Instinctive Theory • Historical or Evolution Theory

  10. DIVINE RIGHT THEORY • state is created by God who has chosen His vice-regents to rule the earth

  11. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY • State is a product of man’s contract or covenant.

  12. PATRIARCHAL THEORY • state is a mere extension of family, family develops into clan, clan into tribe and tribe into state.

  13. NECESSITY AND FORCE THEORY • state is founded because there are weak ones who seek protection so the strong ones protect and rule them in return.

  14. ECONOMIC & INSTINCTIVE THEORY • State is founded out of man’s need for association

  15. HISTORICAL OR EVOLUTION THEORY • State is a product of man’s social and cultural development

  16. TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS • Democracy • Totalitarianism • Colonialism

  17. DEMOCRACY • individuals are free, rational, moral, equal, and posses certain rights. • derived from the words “demos” and “cratos” meaning “people” and “rule” respectively. • democracy means “rule of the people”

  18. TOTALITARIANISM • All functions are regulated by the State. • Education, economic life, religion, and family are all controlled by the State.

  19. COLONIALISM • relationship of two states, one strong, the other weak

  20. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT • ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDES • Monarchy: • Aristocracy or Oligarchy: • Democracy: • ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTINGOFFICIALS • Elective: • Hereditary: • ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION OF POWERS • Unitary: • Federal: • ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT • Presidential • Parliamentary

  21. MONARCHY

  22. ARISTOCRACY OR OLIGARCHY • A government which is ruled by few privileged class, whose right arises from the facts of birth, wisdom or wealth.

  23. DEMOCRACY

  24. ELECTIVE

  25. HEREDITARY

  26. ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM • Property • Economic Exchange • Division of Labor • Economic Socialization • Prices • Principle of Supply and Demand

  27. PROPERTY

  28. ECONOMIC EXCHANGE • individual and organization gives each other valuable goods and services in return for different goods and services.

  29. DIVISION OF LABOR

  30. ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION

  31. PRICES

  32. DEMAND CURVE

  33. THE LAW OF SUPPLY

  34. THE SUPPLY SCHEDULE

  35. SUPPLY CURVE

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