The American Colonies Emerge

1. CHAPTER The American Colonies Emerge 2 Overview Time Lines 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 3 Puritan New England SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 2 Immigration and Migration Cultural Diversity Expanding Democracy CHAPTER The American Colonies Emerge 2 HOME “I have found a continent more densely populated and abounding in animals than our Europe, Asia, and Africa. We may rightly call this continent the New World.” Amerigo Vespucci, explorer

3. What do you know? • Would you describe your state as an old or new state? Why? • Which four states have the oldest histories in terms of European settlement? • What factors account for the early settlement of what are now Florida and New Mexico? CHAPTER The American Colonies Emerge 2 HOME

4. 1521Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire. 1565Spanish settlers establish St. Augustine in Florida. 1607John Smith and other English settlers establish Jamestown. 1619Ship carrying African laborers arrives at Jamestown. 1620Pilgrims land at Plymouth. 1630Puritans found the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1676Bacon’s Rebellion erupts. 1681William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania. CHAPTER Time Line 2 HOME The United States

5. 1526Mughal Empire begins in India. 1588England defeats the Spanish Armada. 1591Songhai empire falls to Moroccan invaders. 1629Charles I of England dismisses Parliament. 1644Manchus establish Qing dynasty in China. 1649Charles I is beheaded; Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell assumes power in England. 1660English monarchy is restored. CHAPTER Time Line 2 HOME The World

6. Learn About the Spanish conquests of Central and North America. To Understand what new and lasting ways of life the Spanish settlers brought to the Americas. SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME

7. SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Key Idea The Spanish gain the first foothold in the Americas, as they conquer much of Mexico and what is now the southern part of the United States.

8. Cortés conquered the Aztec settlements established in Mexico, Florida, and New Mexico natives died from disease Spain took gold and silver from Mexico the encomienda system established SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are some events that relate to Spain’s establishment of a profitable empire in the Americas? Spain establisheda profitable empirein the Americas

9. FORMING AN OPINION Do you agree or disagree with the statement that the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, which led to the creation of Mexico, “was neither a triumph nor a defeat”? THINK ABOUT • the actions of the conquistadores • the effects of disease on native peoples • the encomienda system • the mestizo population in Mexico today SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. GENERALIZING What are three main ideas about Spanish settlement and exploration north of Mexico and about their interaction with Native Americans there? THINK ABOUT • the explorations of Ponce de Léon and Coronado • the establishment of St. Augustine and Santa Fe • the activities of Spanish friars • Native American acts of resistance SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the reasons for the English settlement at Jamestown. To Understand how this settlement endured an uncertain start and conflict with Native Americans. SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME

12. SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Key Idea English settlers endure early years of hardship to establish England’s first permanent colony in North America.

13. 1675Fighting between settlers and Native Americans 1618Headright system introduced 1607Jamestown founded 1609Starving time began 1624James I made Virginia a royal colony 1676Bacon’s Rebellion erupts SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the major developments in the colonization of Virginia?

14. ANALYZING What were the benefits and drawbacks of using indentured servants for labor in Virginia? THINK ABOUT • the labor demands of growing tobacco • the characteristics and cost of indentured servants • the causes and consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. RECOGNIZING EFFECTS The success of tobacco farming in Virginia had wide-ranging effects. Describe the impact on each of these groups: the Jamestown colonists, indentured servants, the Powhatan, the planters. THINK ABOUT • the early history of the Jamestown settlement • the headright system and indentured servitude • Powhatan attacks on colonial villages • Bacon’s Rebellion SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the reasons English Puritans came to North America. To Understand the characteristics of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and how the colonists interacted with Native Americans. SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME

17. SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME Key Idea English Puritans settle New England with the hope of establishing a model society based on their religious views.

18. SUMMARIZING What were the effects of each of the causes listed below? CAUSE EFFECT Persecution of Puritans in England Puritan migration to New England Puritan belief in hard work Rapid growth and success of Massachusetts Bay Colony Roger Williams’s dissenting beliefs Founding of new colony based on his principles Rapid colonial expansion in New England Conflict with Native Americans, including Pequot War and King Philip’s War Defeat of King Philip End of Native American power in southeastern New England SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME 33 Section Assessment

19. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Why did Puritan leaders view Anne Hutchinson as a threat to their society? THINK ABOUT • Puritan beliefs • characteristics of Puritan society • Hutchinson’s teachings SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. INTERPRETING Imagine you have been called upon to negotiate between the New England colonists and Native Americans. What would you tell each side about the other to help them overcome their misunderstandings? THINK ABOUT • the views of the colonists and Native Americans on land and religion • the Pequot War and King Philip’s War SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the settlement of New Netherland and Pennsylvania. To Understand how these settlements developed into thriving, diverse, and peaceful colonies. SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME

22. SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Key Idea Different groups settle what will become the English middle colonies, establishing in the early years a region of marked diversity, tolerance, and peaceful relations with Native Americans.

23. SUMMARIZING How do the colonies of New Netherland and Pennsylvania compare? • PENNSYLVANIA • Shaped by Quaker ideals • Avoided a land-owning aristocracy • NEW NETHERLAND • Founded by the Dutch • Built on fur trade SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME 4 Section Assessment • BOTH • Attracted colonists from many ethnic groups • Practiced religious toleration • Became a proprietary colony • Established good relations with Native Americans

24. EVALUATING DECISIONS Both New Netherland and Pennsylvania encouraged settlers to come from all over western Europe. Was this a good decision for these colonies? THINK ABOUT • the reasons each colony was founded • the need for each colony to attract settlers • growth and changes in the new colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS How did William Penn succeed in achieving his goals for Pennsylvania, and how did he fail? THINK ABOUT • Penn’s “holy experiment” • Penn’s actions towards Native Americans • changes in Pennsylvania after its founding SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 2 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. How did Mexican culture develop out of both Spanish and Native American elements? 2. How did Native Americans react to Spanish efforts to establish colonies? 3. Explain how John Rolfe transformed the Virginia colony. 4. What conditions caused tension and warfare between settlers and Native Americans in Virginia? 5. What caused Bacon’s Rebellion?

27. 2 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Describe the role of religion in the lives of Puritans living in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 7. How were the experiences of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson similar and different? 8. What caused conflicts between New England colonists and Native Americans? 9. Why did New Netherland develop a reputation for diversity? 10. How did Pennsylvania reflect William Penn’s Quaker ideals?