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Early Years of the War

Early Years of the War. First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). N: named battle after nearest creek/river S: named battle after nearest town N. Gen. McDowell marches troops SW of DC to fight southern troops lead by Gen. Beauregard Sunday afternoon, rich DC people bring picnic lunches to watch.

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Early Years of the War

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  1. Early Years of the War

  2. First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) • N: named battle after nearest creek/river • S: named battle after nearest town • N. Gen. McDowell marches troops SW of DC to fight southern troops lead by Gen. Beauregard • Sunday afternoon, rich DC people bring picnic lunches to watch

  3. Union outnumbers the South but Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson holds his ground • Inspired rest of southern troops– rebel yell is first heard • Union troops panic and retreat back to DC, picnic goers get in the way– huge mess • McDowell fired and Lincoln appoints McClellan

  4. War at Sea • North wanted to hurt South economically by cutting off trade with Europe • N ships stretched from VA to Fl and in Gulf of Mexico to TX • South tried using blockade runners to get into open ocean • First submarine created– The Huntley • Ironclads– see handout

  5. The War Out West • After Bull Run not much happens in east for awhile– each side regroups, trains • Battles occur in TN, KY, and MS, North tries to split south by taking Miss and TN rivers • N. Ulysses S. Grant wins battles in KY to prevent South from getting KY to secede

  6. Battle of Shiloh • Huge battle near RR junction in Shiloh, MS • Grant’s troops surprised early in morning by southern attack (Grant made mistakes) • Battle lasts 2 days, very bloody, North wins with help of reinforcements

  7. Both sides suffer huge casualties– killed, wounded, or missing • Bloody pond, Hornets Nest, Peach Orchard, pigs at night, stolen breakfast

  8. Seven Days Battle • Lincoln orders McClellan to attack Richmond, he takes ships south along coast • McClellan takes too much time, Lee prepares defenses • Several battles take place between Richmond and the coast– Seven Days Battles

  9. North wins most of the battles but McClellan retreats each time • Lee uses his cavalry lead by JEB Stuart to circle the Union forces– hit and run attacks, cause major trouble • JEB Stuart becomes a hero in newspapers, McClellan retreats back to DC

  10. Battle of Antietam • Lee and Stonewall Jackson join their forces 20 miles from DC • Jefferson Davis orders Lee to invade Maryland– wants to win major battle get support from Europe • McClellan’s troops chase the Southerners and find battle plans wrapped around cigars–Lee’s army was split in 5 parts– McClellan too slow, misses chance

  11. Two armies meet at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, MD • Single bloodiest day in US history • Heavy fighting at Burnsides Bridge, Bloody Lane, and the cornfield

  12. Neither side really wins but South retreats • McClellan didn’t chase them, gets fired • Lincoln uses this “victory” to free the slaves

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