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Welcome Back!. Today’s Focus Question. What does it mean to be living?. Catalyst. Classify the items listed on your worksheet as living (L) or nonliving (NL). Units 7 and 8: Physiology and Disease. 1. Physiology: scientific study of function in living systems How do living things work?.

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Welcome Back!

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  1. Welcome Back!

  2. Today’s Focus Question • What does it mean to be living?

  3. Catalyst • Classify the items listed on your worksheet as living (L) or nonliving (NL).

  4. Units 7 and 8: Physiology and Disease 1. Physiology: scientific study of function in living systems • How do living things work?

  5. Disease 2. What does this mean?

  6. Disease (3.) • a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury OR • a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally

  7. Levels of Organization

  8. Organ Systems • Nervous System • Endocrine System • Cardiovascular System • Respiratory System • Digestive System • Urinary System • Muscular System • Skeletal System • Integumentary (Skin) System • Immune System (includes Lymphatic System) • Reproductive System

  9. Structure • 5 organ systems • 5 major diseases • Nervous System: Alzheimer’s Disease • Several less-common diseases • Circulatory System: EctopiaCordis • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGq3L3yXV5c&oref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaGq3L3yXV5c&has_verified=1

  10. Back to the Catalyst • Scientists have determined 8 characteristics of living things • Try and develop a list of 8 requirements for all living things at your table

  11. Our list 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

  12. Is Sammy Alive?

  13. 8 Characteristics of Living Things • Cells • Reproduction • Universal Genetic Code • Growth/Development • Use of Energy • Reaction to Stimuli • Homeostasis • Evolution

  14. Living things share 8 characteristics: • Living things are made up of units called cells: smallest functional and structural unit of an organism. • Every organism is composed of at least one cell. 1.) single-celled or unicellular 2.) many-celled or multicellular

  15. Living things reproduce. There are two basic kinds of reproduction: • Asexual—only one parent and all offspring are identical; for example, binary fission of bacteria or amoebas. • Sexual—two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.

  16. Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). • The directions for inheritance are found in deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. • The genetic code is basically the same for all organisms on Earth.

  17. Living things grow and develop. • For single-celled organisms, growth is mostly an increase in size. • Multicellular organisms go through a process called development, where cells divide and differentiate into different kinds of cells.

  18. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. • The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called metabolism. • Autotrophs (also called producers)—plants, most algae, and some bacteriaobtain their energy directly from the sun through photosynthesis.

  19. c) Heterotrophs (also called consumers)—most other organisms, rely on the energy stored during photosynthesis. • Herbivores—eat plants and other photosynthesizing organisms • Carnivores—eat the herbivores or other carnivores • Omnivores—eat both plants and animals • Decomposers—such as bacteria and fungi; obtain energy from the remains of organisms that have died

  20. Living things respond to their environment. • Organisms detect and respond to stimuli from their environment. • A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. • External stimuli include temperature and light. • Internal stimuli come from within, such as blood sugar level or feeling thirsty.

  21. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. • Even though external environmental conditions may vary widely, most organisms must keep internal conditions, such as temperature and water content, fairly constant. • Maintaining a stable internal environment is called homeostasis(Greek, same condition).

  22. Taken as a group, living things change over time (living things evolve). • Plants have adapted to living in dry and hot deserts. • Fossils of ancient organisms can be used to show how organisms have changed over time.

  23. Challenge • How can we remember these 8 traits? • Growth/Development • Reproduction • 1 or more cells • Universal Genetic Code • Use of Energy • React to Stimuli • Evolution • Homeostasis

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