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A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.

A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN. READ IT !!!. CARBON COMPOUND (ALCOHOLS). PRESENTED BY : NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI

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A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.

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  1. A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.

  2. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

  3. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

  4. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

  5. READ IT !!!

  6. CARBON COMPOUND (ALCOHOLS) PRESENTED BY : NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI

  7. Experiment Quiz Elements in alcohols Effects of alcohols on health ALCOHOL Examples of alcohols Uses of alcohols General Formula Characteristic

  8. ALCOHOLS An alcohol is an compound. It contains of 3 elements that is and organic carbon hydrogen oxygen

  9. Is Alcohols a hydrocarbon?? why?? • No. • Because elements in alcohols contain an oxygen.

  10. Examples of alcohols

  11. Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate Ethanol Butanoic acid Ethyl butanoate Methanoic acid Ethanol Ethyl methanoate Ethanol Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate

  12. CnH2n+1OH • General formula for alcohol: • n is positive integer, n = 1,2,3…… • The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’. Examples ethanol.

  13. Process of producing alcohol • Ethanol is produced through fermentation. • By action of yeast, sugars or starch are converted into ethanol.

  14. The fermentation of sugar using yeast is optimum at 37°C. • If it get too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed. • But if the temperature is too low, the yeast become inactive.

  15. Glucose Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that helps to break down sugar to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. yeast Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (Zymase enzyme) C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

  16. Characteristics of alcohols Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid with a sweet smell. • miscible in water. • Both the boiling point and melting point increase as the number of carbon atoms in its molecule increase (get larger). • The miscibility of alcohol in water decreases as molecules get larger.

  17. Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only. Alcohol + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water

  18. Esterification • Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester. Concentrated sulphuric acid Ester + Water Alcohol + organic acid

  19. Example : Concentrated sulphuric acid Ethanol + ethanoic acid Ethyl ethanoate + water H2SO4 C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

  20. SOLVENTS COSMETICS USES OF ALCOHOL MEDICINES FUELS

  21. SOLVENTS • Alcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic compound which are insoluble in water. • Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes, perfumes and dyes. • Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes and paints.

  22. COSMETICS • Aftershave lotion • Cleanser • Perfumes

  23. MEDICINES • Mild antiseptic for cleaning injured skin and prevents infections. • Sterilise the skin before giving an injection. • Dissolve medicines which are insoluble in water.

  24. FUELS • 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g) 2CO2(g)+4H2O(l) +heat energy • Heat energy released can be used to run motor vehicles.

  25. EFFECTS … • Health Problem • Social Problem • Psychiatric Problem

  26. HEALTH PROBLEM • Liver diseases such as hepatitis • Obesity • Heart diseases • High blood pressure

  27. SOCIAL PROBLEM • Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to get drunk. • Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts) • Increased accident rates.

  28. PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM • Alcohol acts as a depressant. • Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to be anxious.

  29. EXPERIMENT 4.2 Aim : To study the properties of alcohol. Problem : What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohol. Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.

  30. Record your observation in the table given.

  31. QUIZ Question 1 Question 2 Question 3

  32. 1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL?? • A) CnH2n+1OH • B) C2nHn+1OH • C) C2n+1HnOH

  33. 2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT……. • A) HEALTH PROBLEM • B) SOCIAL PROBLEM • C) FINANCIAL PROBLEM

  34. 3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL? • A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN • B) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON

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