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Solutions

Solutions . Pure vs. Mixtures. PURE SUBSTANCE. MIXTURES. Sample of matter  two or more pure substances Not chemically combined Retains its own chemical properties. sample of matter  single element or single compound Definite chemical and physical properties

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. Pure vs. Mixtures PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURES Sample of matter  two or more pure substances Not chemically combined Retains its own chemical properties • sample of matter  single element or single compound • Definite chemical and physical properties • Boiling point/ melting point • Density

  3. Different Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous • Large enough to see under a microscope • Uneven distribution • Doesn’t blend well, can see individual substances • Examples: OJ, Whole Milk, Italian Seasoning • Homogeneous • Particles are molecule sized • Appears to be evenly distributed • AKA Solutions

  4. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Suspension • Temporary heterogeneous mixture • Different parts separate over time • Examples: muddy water, OJ with pulp, etc

  5. Colloids • Stable heterogeneous mixture • Particles are much larger than the solute, but small enough that they will not settle out over time • Scatters light

  6. SOLUTIONS *Can be solid, liquid, or gases or a mixture -Alloy- is a mixture of two metals (bronze, brass, sterling silver, 14 karat gold) *Homogeneous mixtures consisting of two parts • Solute • The substance that is being dissolved • Solvent • The substance that is “DOING” the dissolving • Universal Solvent  water

  7. Solutions Definitions • Solution - homogeneous mixture Solute - substance being dissolved Solvent - present in greater amount (the substance that dissolves the solute)

  8. Mixtures Classified by Particle Size Solution: Homogeneous mixture; solute does not separate on standing; Solute particle size = .01 – 1 nm e.g., saltwater Colloid: Heterogeneous mixture; solute does not separate on standing; Solute particle size = 1 – 1000 nm, cannot be separated by filtration, but will scatter light e.g., milk, cheese, butter, shaving cream Suspension: Appears uniform while being stirred, but settles over time. Solute particle size > 1000nm, can be separated by filtration e. g., dirt and water, sand and water

  9. SEPARATING MIXTURES

  10. Separating Mixtures • Separating mixtures in dependent upon the physical properties of the pure substance in the mixture • Decanting –soluble vs insoluble substance • Centrifuge –density differences • Filtration- soluble vs insoluble • Distillation- varying boiling points • Evaporation –varying boiling points • Chromatography-solubility of components in mixture • Crystallization-concentration & temperatures • Sublimation- change in states

  11. Separating MixturesIts extremely important that you are able to separate mixtures! Decanting Centrifuge Properties of the mixture Separated based on densities The denser substance collects at the bottom as it spins. • Properties of the Mixture • A “liquid” and a “solid” • Pour the liquid from off the top of the solid. • Ex: Washing green beans

  12. Separating Mixtures Filtration Evaporation Properties of mixtures Heat water to separate a soluble or insoluble particles in the mixture Used to obtain a solute from a solution Sublimation Solid mixture turns to vapor without melting Works well when one of the 2 solids will sublimate but the other will not. • Properties of Mixtures • Separates soluble and insoluble substances • Liquid vs Solid Crystalization * Separates a dissolved substance out by changing the concentration of the solution.

  13. Separating Mixtures Distillation • Properties of Mixture • Separated based on the varying boiling points of the substances in the mixture • Substance with a lower boiling point with evaporate and then if allowed to cool and condense they can be collected

  14. Ink in your markers…is it a mixture or pure substance? Chromatography Can be used with any substance that reacts or bonds with the paper being used • Separated based on how quickly it dissolves • Color dyes • Solvent moves up the paper by capillary action • When solvent hits the sample it will dissolve it • Different compounds will travel at different rates • Meaning they will stop while others will keep going • They will travel at different rates due to solubility differences and the difference in attraction to the paper

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