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Atmosphere Notes

Atmosphere Notes. Drill: In the atmosphere, what happens to the temperature as we increase altitude (rise)? Why? Objective: SWBAT review concepts related to the composition and layers of the atmosphere in order to prepare for the quiz. HW: Study. Composition. The atmosphere is made of:

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Atmosphere Notes

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  1. Atmosphere Notes • Drill: In the atmosphere, what happens to the temperature as we increase altitude (rise)? Why? • Objective: SWBAT review concepts related to the composition and layers of the atmosphere in order to prepare for the quiz. • HW: Study

  2. Composition • The atmosphere is made of: • Nitrogen (78%) Used for growth & repair of cells. • Oxygen (21%) Used to release energy for plants and animals. • 1% Other gases: • Carbon Dioxide (0.036) Waste product for animals. Plants use for energy. • Argon, Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, and Hydrogen.

  3. Layers classified by temperature changes • Troposphere: Conditions extremely variable. Weather occurs here. As we increase height our temp. decreases due to increased distance from Earth (source of warmth) • Stratosphere: Contains Ozone (3 oxygen) which allows for temp. to increase as you rise through the atmosphere.

  4. Layers of the Atmosphere Con’t • Mesosphere: Meteor burn up in this layer. Temp. decreases as height increases due to movement away from heat source (ozone layer). • Thermosphere: Temp. increases as height increases due to direct contact with sun’s energy. • Ionosphere: Aurora Borealis, radio waves bounce off • Exosphere: Little to nothing in here. Satellites orbit

  5. Trends • Density: Density (the amount of stuff in a given amt. of space) decreases as height increases due to gravity. • Pressure: Force applied due to weight of substance. • Decreases as height increases. • Gravity: Force that holds our atmosphere in place.

  6. Vocabulary • Atmosphere: Layer of gases that surrounds Earth. • Weather: Condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. • Ozone: Form of oxygen that has 3 atoms. • Absorbs UV radiation • Holds in heat.

  7. Factors Affecting Weather Review • Characteristics of Air • Mass: weight • Density: Amount of stuff (material) in a given amount of space. • Pressure: Amount of force on a given area. • Measuring Air Pressure: Barometer (inches, milibars) • Mercury: Liquid mercury rises in the cylinder as air pressure increases. • Anaroid: Solid thin metal walls that expand or push in based on atmospheric pressure.

  8. Changes in the Troposphere • As altitude increases temperature, density, and pressure decrease.

  9. Energy in the Atmosphere • Electromagnetic Waves: The sun’s energy that travels in waves through space. • 3 types of electromagnetic waves reach our planet • Visible Light: Roy G. Biv • Infrared Radiation: Felt as heat. • Ultraviolet Radiation: Least amount, causes skin cancer.

  10. Energy must first pass the atmosphere • Light can be either reflected or absorbed in the atmosphere. • Scattering: Reflection in all directions. • Blue light scatters most making the day skies appear. • Morning & Evening skies appear pink and red because light strikes at an angle causing blue light to scatter even more. • Reflection: Clouds, dust, and gas. • Absorption: Caused by ozone gases and particles.

  11. Energy Strikes the Surface of Earth • Energy that makes it through the atmosphere strikes Earth’s surface. • Absorption: It can be absorbed heating both land and water. • Felt as heat (Infrared Radiation) and trapped by atmosphere called “Greenhouse Effect” • Reflected: Some is reflected back into atmosphere.

  12. Heat Transfer : Moving from a hotter object to a cooler object. • Temperature: Average amount of energy of a substance and measured in Celsius (0 – 100) and Fahrenheit (32 – 212). • 3 Types of Transfer • Radiation: Directly from sun to object. • Conduction: Contact; from 1 object to another. • Convection: Transfer of heat by movement of fluid. Ex: boiling a hot dog, troposphere.

  13. Local Winds: Unequal heating of land and water, smaller area, changes • Local Winds can be found near a large body of water and around mountainous areas. • Sea breezes: Occur during the day time when warm air rises from the land and is replaced by cooler air coming from the sea. • Land breezes: Occur at night when cool air from land blows out to replace warmer air rising from sea. • Monsoons: Land/sea breezes that occur over a larger area and carry a lot of water with them. • Mountain breezes: Winds and air masses are funneled up the mountain during the day and directed down the mountain at night when cooler.

  14. Global Winds: Unequal heating of globe, larger area, steady. • Warm air rises near equator and falls at poles creating wind belts. • Coriolis Effect: Due to rotation of the Earth winds do not follow a straight path. • Northern hemisphere: Turns to right. • Southern hemisphere: Turns to left. • 3 major belts: • Trade winds: Blow from NE to SW • Prevailing Westerlies: Blow from SW to NE • Polar Easterlies: Blow away from poles, East to West

  15. Other Areas • Areas of Inactivity due to rising or falling air masses. • Doldrums: Rising air near equator. • Horse Latitudes: Falling air (30 degrees North). • Jet Stream: Bands of high wind 10 km above Earth’s surface blowing from West to East.

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