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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. Timeline of the Industrial Revolution. 1848 – Marx’s Communist Manifesto. James Watt’s Steam engine. Car invented In Germany. New tools begin Agricultural rev. 1 st railroad (in England).

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution

  2. Timeline of the Industrial Revolution 1848 – Marx’s Communist Manifesto James Watt’s Steam engine Car invented In Germany New tools begin Agricultural rev 1st railroad (in England) 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1845- Irish Potato Famine 1st airplane 1859 – Darwin’s Origin of Species

  3. The Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution: a change in the way food was produced

  4. CHANGES Enclosed Fields – split up and organized farms Crop Rotation – more harvested per field

  5. CHANGES Better animal breeding – more food per animal New machinery – fewer workers needed

  6. RESULTS • Much more food produced with fewer workers • (Fewer farm jobs) • Population grew

  7. Industrial Revolution: A change in the way things were made DOMESTIC SYSTEM FACTORY SYSTEM • Making products: • At home • By hand • One person/family • Making products: • In a factory • By machine • Many people

  8. What a Nation needs to have Industry Capital ($ for investment) Labor force (workers) Transportation system (materials and products) Raw materials (especially coal, iron, & cotton) Market (a place to sell products)

  9. Great Britain had ALL of these things!

  10. How Industrialization Effected Society

  11. URBANIZATION People moving into cities too quickly Overcrowding Unsafe living conditions

  12. How the Other Half Lives

  13. Working Conditions Child labor: Factory owners used kids as young as 5 because you could pay them less Long hours: 12-16 hour days Dangerous conditions: unsafe machinery & buildings passages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JPmVBxsTa8&feature=related

  14. Changing Social Roles • Women: • either run the household or work long hours for less pay than men • Family: • Working class families suffered; middle class families improved • Children: • Unhealthy, worked in unsafe conditions

  15. Transportation Greatly improved Canals and railroads built Steam engine increased speed

  16. Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

  17. Reactions to the Industrial Revolution Liberals Conservatives Want changes New republics Laissez-faire economy Want stability (no change) Old monarchies Nobles control economy

  18. Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of Nations “Laissez-Faire” Government hands off of business

  19. Thomas Malthus Believed population was increasing faster than food supply Said solution was to let the poor starve

  20. Charles Darwin Wrote The Origin of Species Theory of Evolution Natural selection – survival of the fittest

  21. Social Darwinism Said the rich and powerful are the “fittest” Used to justify racism Used as an excuse to take advantage of working class, weak nations

  22. Socialism – economic system in which society owns business & everyone shares work and profits Utopian Socialism Marxist Socialism Everyone shares everything Goal  Peace and equality Started by KarlMarx Workers of the world unite and violentlyoverthrow the middle class (bourgeoisie) Goal  end capitalism, create classless society

  23. The Arts Romanticism Realism Impressionism • Late 1800s • Anti-realism • Ex. Monet Late 1700s Emotion, not reason Ex. Beautiful landscapes Early 1800s Show the world as it really was Ex. Dicken’s novels

  24. Attempts to Reform Society

  25. Attempts to Reform Society Sadler Report Education Report on Child labor Led to child labor laws Public schools created Get kids out of factories

  26. Suffrage Means the right to vote Extended to all men, then women

  27. Labor Legislation Safety conditions: less hours, safer machines Women and children: less hours, safer work Trade Unions: created to protect workers, used strikes and protests

  28. Global MigrationsCAUSES

  29. Social Causes Political Causes Population growth (cities too crowded) Poor living conditions Poor working situations • People were leaving monarchies and wanting democracy Improved Transportation • Expanded the search for raw materials • Search out new markets

  30. EXAMPLES of migration Europeans go to America for opportunity Irish come to America due to potato famine

  31. Essential Questions How did the Agricultural Revolution support the Industrial Revolution? More food  able to feed cities; less work on farms How can the Industrial Revolution be considered the major turning point in history? Huge population increase; transportation inventions; new reforms How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution lead to the competing ideologies for social change? Ideologies compete to solve social problems Liberal vs. Conservative Capitalism vs. Socialism

  32. Essential Questions Compare and Contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? Economy without government regulation Economy where decisions are made by the gov’t Laissez-Faire The Wealth of Nations Socialism Communist Manifesto Gov’t does NOT Interfere in business Gov’t makes ALL Economic decisions Private ownership (by ppl) Gov’t owns all businesses

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