U pper limb

1. Upper limb

2. Freely movable on trunk at shoulder joint • Consists of: • Shoulder, • arm, • elbow, • forearm, • wrist and hand

4. Shoulder girdle consists of • clavicle and • the scapula

5. Clavicle • Long slender bone across the root of the neck. • Sturt holding the arm away from trunk and • transmits forces from limb to axial skeleton and • provides attachment to the muscles

6. Subcutaneous • Medial 2/3rd convex forward • Lateral 1/3rd concave forward • Articulations: • Sternum and 1st costal cartilage medially • Acromian process of scapula laterally

8. Scapula • Flat triangular bone • Posterior thoracic wall between 2nd and 7th ribs • Spine of scapula forming acromion articulating with scapula • Superolateral angle fossaglenoidfossa articulating with humerus forming shoulder joint • Coracoid process projects upward and forward, attaches muscles

10. Subscapularfossa: entire anterior concave surface • Supraspinaousfossa : concave surface above the spine • Infraspinousfossa: concave surface below the spine

11. Humerus • Head of humerus: 1/3rd of sphere and articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula • Surgical neck: Just below the sphere is • Anatomical Neck: point of fusion of head with the shaft. • Medial and later epicondyles for attachment of muscles • Rounded capitulum(lateral) for head of radius and pulley shaped trochlearfor ulna

14. Axilla • Axilla or armpit, is pyramid shaped space formed by the axillary folds, • Anterior by lower border of pectoralis major and behind by tendon of latissimusdorsi and teresmajor muscle

15. Contents of axilla • Axillary artery (direct continuation of subclavian) & arteries • Axillary vein & tributries • Brachial plexus: • Radial nerve(C5,6,7,8,T1) • Median nerve(C5,6,7,8,T1) • Ulnar nerve(C8,T1)

17. Shoulder joint • Synovial ball and socket joint between rounded head of humeres and glenoid cavity of scapula

18. Rotator cuff • Stabilize the shoulder joint: • Supraspinatus, • Infraspinatus • Teres minor • Subscapularis • Stabilizes and supports the shoulder joint

20. Arm • Sheath of deep fascia divides • Anterior compartment • Biceps brachii (major muscle) • Brachial artery • Musculocutaneous nerve • Flexes the elbow joint • Posterior compartment • Triceps muscle • Branches of brachial artery • Radial nerve • Extends the elbow joint

22. Cubital fossa • Triangular depression in front of the elbow • Brachioradialis muscle, laterally • Pronatorteres, medially • Skin,fascia, superiorly and • Imaginary line between the 2 condyles of humeres • Contains: • Median nerve, • Bifurcation of brachial artery into ulnar and radial arteries • Radial nerve

24. Radius • lateral bone of forearm • Articulations, • Proxiamally, with humeres and ulna • Distally, with scaphoid, lunate and ulna

26. Ulna • Ulna is the medial bone of the forearm • Articulations: • * trochlea of the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint with semilunartrochlear notch of the ulna. • * the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation. • * the distal radius, where it fits into the ulna notch. • * the radius along its length via the interosseous membrane that forms a syndesmoses joint.

27. Wrist • Eight carpal bones, made of 2 rows of 4 bones • Proximal row(lateral to medial): • Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform • Distal row: • Trapezium,trapezoid, capitate and hamate

29. Wrist joint • Distal end of radius and articular disc above and scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones below. • Synovial ellipsoidal joint • Intercarpal joints • Synovial plane joints

30. Palm is made of metacarpals, and phalanges