European Renaissance and Reformation

1. European Renaissance and Reformation Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

4. Italy’s Advantages • City States Wealthy Merchants Greece and Rome

5. City States • Use text page 37 • Why are the major City-States primarily located near the sea? • How would these City-States ideal breeding grounds for intellectual revolution? • What contributed to the Italians pursuing intellectual interests such as Art?

6. Merchants and the Medici • Use the text pgs. 37-38 • How did the merchants come to control the politics of the City-States? • Who were the Medici and why were they so powerful?

10. The Renaissance Man All educated men should create art! A man who excels in many fields is praised as a “universal man” of Renaissance man. A man should be charming, witty, and well educated. He should sing, dance, play music, and write poetry. As well as be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman.

11. The Renaissance Woman • According to the Courtier, upper-class women were expected to be charming but not to seek fame. • A woman should inspire art; not create art. • Renaissance women were not to influence politics • However women like Isabella D’Este (pictured) was very involved in politics and the arts.

12. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art

13. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • A realistic Style- copied from classical models. Influenced by the Greek and Roman artist • Painters used the technique of perspective, which shows a three dimensions on a flat surface

14. Leonardo da Vinci

15. Leonardo, Renaissance Man • A painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist. A true Renaissance Man • He studied how muscles move and how veins in a leaf are arranged. • He would incorporate his findings in his art.

16. Leonardo da Vinci’s Inventions

17. Raphael Sanzio

18. Raphael Advances Realism • Student of Michelangelo and Leonardo • His Favorite subject was the Madonna and child (top right) he often portrayed them as gentle and calm • In his greatest achievement, Raphael filled the walls of Pope Julius II’s library with paintings • School of Athens (left)

19. Michelangleo • Michelangelo di LodovicoBuonarrotiSimoni, commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

20. Michelangelo Buonarrotihttp://youtu.be/NXyi82dYRxE

22. Renaissance Literature • Renaissance writers began to develop the techniques still used today. • They began writing in the vernacular (local language) • Wrote for self-expression and portrayed the individuality of their subjects.

23. Dante • Dante began writing his works in Italian instead of classical Latin. His most famous work is “Inferno” which portrays a man’s journey through the nine circles of Hell.

24. Dante’s “Inferno”

25. Francesco PetrarchFather of Renaissance Humanism • Petrarch wrote in both the vernacular (Italian) and Latin. • Famous for his sonnets (14 line poem) • Who is Laura?

26. Machiavelli Advises Rulers • Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a political guidebook entitled “The Prince”. • In “The Prince”, Machiavelli examines how a ruler can gain power and keep it. • He believed that for a ruler to succeed in a wicked world, a leader had to be as strong as a lion and shrewd as a fox. • He was not concerned with moral correctness, only political effectiveness.

27. Women Writers • Women writers of the Renaissance wrote about personal subjects, not politics. • Vittoria Colonna wrote sonnets with Michelangelo and helped to publish the Courtier.