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English II

Text Structures IIB. English II. Author’s Purpose: a writer’s reason for writing. The author ALWAYS has a reason for writing. Examples of Author’s Purpose. To entertain To inform To persuade To explain To instruct To inspire To complain To encourage. Text Structure:

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English II

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  1. Text Structures IIB English II

  2. Author’s Purpose: a writer’s reason for writing. The author ALWAYS has a reason for writing. Examples of Author’s Purpose • To entertain • To inform • To persuade • To explain • To instruct • To inspire • To complain • To encourage

  3. Text Structure: the way information is presented or organized. Each text structure helps an author to achieve his or her purpose for writing. Examples of Text Structures • Description • Comparing or contrasting • Chronological order • Cause and effect • Process • Problem and solution

  4. Description: Using details or imagery to present information. • Sometimes the author may use a description “to emphasize” something. • This means he/she maybe be trying to stress or call attention to something in the passage. Purple book pages 88-90.

  5. Compare (Similarities) and Contrast (Differences): To show how things are alike or different. Clues • However • On the other hand • As opposed • But • Different • Although • Yet • In the same way • Like • Similarly Purple book pages 92-93.

  6. Sequential Order or Chronological Order : giving events in the order that they occurred in time. • Used for narrating a story or writing a biography. • Clues would be words like first, then, next, after, before, and last. • Dates may also be used. • Purpose is usually to build on events as they occurred, which in some cases also builds suspense.

  7. Process • or Procedural Order : • giving the steps of a process in the order they should be performed. • Similar to sequential order • but • instead of giving events in the order that they occurred, a writer explains the steps of a process in the order they should be performed.

  8. Order of Importance: organizing details, reasons, etc. in the order of their importance. • Either from most important to least important or from least important to most important. • Often seen in persuasive writing.

  9. Spatial Order : organizing the description of items according to their position or closeness to each other. • Could be used to describe a room that acts as a setting in a narrative. Purple book pages 97-98.

  10. Cause & Effect: a relationship that explains how one thing makes something else happen. Can be stated or implied. The cause answers the question “Why did this happen?” • because • (the) cause is • Due to • First • For • Since Keywords for causes

  11. Cause & Effect: (continued) The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?” • As a result • Consequently • Resulted in • (the) result is • Therefore • Thus Keywords for effects

  12. Problem & Solution: Giving a conflict or issue (theproblem) and its answer (the solution). The problem can be a conflict or some other kind of issue. The solution can be an answer or a resolution to the problem. Purple book page 101.

  13. Reading 2 passages: • Sometimes an author may choose one type of organization over another for a specific purpose. • And sometimes the 2 passages are not related.

  14. Reading 2 passages: (tip) • Read the first passage. Identify the text structure . Look at your answer choices and cross off any choices that do not match the passage. • Then read the second passage and identify its text structure. Look at your remaining answer choices . • The correct answer SHOULD be obvious. Purple book page 103-105.

  15. Possible test questions • How does the organizational structure of this paragraph support the author’s purpose? • How does the organizational structure of this paragraph relate to the author’s purpose? • How does the organizational structure of this passage help convey the author’s purpose? • How does the descriptive information in lines 1-42 support the author’s purpose in the passage?

  16. Possible test questions (continued) • Which statement below accurately evaluates the organizational structures of the excerpts? • How do the organizational structures of the excerpts support the author’s purpose? • In comparing the two paragraphs above, how does structure support the meaning of the texts?

  17. Terms • Conveys • Intimidate • Isolation • Illuminate • Highlights • Consequences • Clarifies • Vulnerable • Reveals • Visualize • Justifies • Persuasive tone • Appreciate • Chronology • Classify • Objective • Sincere • Emphasize • Demonstrate facets • Regarding • Commonalities

  18. Mississippi SATP English II Revised: Multiple Choice Student Review Guide for Vocabulary/Reading

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