Ian Cushing English teacher, Surbiton High School UK Linguistics Olympiad Committee

1. Grammar teaching in English lessons • Ian Cushing • English teacher, Surbiton High School • UK Linguistics Olympiad Committee • Education Committee, Linguistics Association of Great Britain

2. Why teach grammar? • To improve creative writing • To improve analytical writing and reading • To improve knowledge about language – both in L1 and L2

3. How to teach grammar? Teaching grammar in a contextualised way makes it more meaningful for students Increases their ability to (1) write creatively, (2) write analytically and (3) read analytically This approach makes students aware of a writer’s craft, thus making them more aware of their own craft

4. You can teach somebody the names of parts of a bicycle but that doesn’t mean they will be able to tell you how the bicycle works

5. You can teach somebody the names of parts of a language but that doesn’t mean they will be able to tell you how the language works

6. Verb types in A Christmas Carol (Year 8; mid-high ability)

7. Place these verbs into different groups. Give each group a title. PAINT STEP REPLY SEIZE WHISPER OBSERVE LOOK HINT SMILE LISTEN APPEAR WATCH BE CONSIDER WONDER DIG TALK GRAB READ ALLOW BECOME FALL KISS HAVE

9. Actions (a ‘doer’ and something that is ‘done to’) Thoughts/feelings/behaviours (someone who senses /feels/behaves) Speech (a way of talking / listening) What groups did you come up with and why?

11. And then: Getting students to spot the semantic and grammatical relations between words rain < > pelt sun < > burn wind < > blow

12. What is required to teach grammar?Are English teachers sufficiently trained?

13. Grammar on the National Curriculum 2014 (KS3) • Pupils should be taught to consolidate and build on their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary through: • studying the effectiveness and impact of the grammatical features of the texts they read • drawing on new vocabulary and grammatical constructions from their reading and listening, and using these consciously in their writing and speech to achieve particular effects • knowing and understanding the differences between spoken and written language, including differences associated with formal and informal registers, and between Standard English and other varieties of English • using Standard English confidently in their own writing and speech • discussing reading, writing and spoken language with precise and confident use of linguistic and literary terminology

14. KS3 Glossary: intended as an aid for teachers, not as the body of knowledge that should be learnt by pupils Active voice Adjective Adverb Adverbial Antonym Apostrophe Article Auxiliary verb Clause Cohesion Cohesive device Complement Compound Conjunction Consonant Co-ordination Determiner Digraph Ellipsis Etymology Finite verb Fronting Future Grapheme Grapheme – phoneme correspondences Head Homophone Infinitive Inflection Intransitive verb Main clause Modal verb Modifier Morphology Noun Noun phrase Object Participle Passive Past tense Perfect Phoneme Phrase Plural Possessive Prefix Preposition Present tense Progressive Pronoun Punctuation RP Register Relative clause Root Schwa Sentence Standard English Stress Subject Subjunctive Subordinate Suffix Syllable Synonym Tense Transitive Trigraph Verb Vowel Word Word class Word family

15. Challenges and restrictions to a cross-curricular approach • Getting English and MFL teachers to talk to each other • Teacher willingness • Support from management • Time

16. Thanks for listening – sorry I can’t answer any questions! ian.cushing@surbitonhigh.com