HZt – Test #2 Revision

1. Minds, Bodies, Fallacious Arguments, Split Brains & Supreme Beings HZt – Test #2 Revision

2. METAPHYSICS: Plato’s Allegory of the Cave Metaphysics – Appearance vs. Reality (Bertrand Russell) Hilary Putnam’s “Brain in a Vat” Thought Experiment The Matrix Theories of Reality Materialism (I.T & F) vs. Idealism (D & P) Zasetsky’s State of Mind Rene Descartes; Dualism Gilbert Ryle; Functional Monism What the Bleep Do We Know? – Critical Thinking Logical Fallacies Descartes & Ryle Revisited – Parfit’s Split Brain Transplant Philosophical Approaches to Theories of Reality How many notes Would a student note if a student would note notes?

3. Bertrand Russell Is a desk just a desk? Is there anything in the world so certain that no reasonable person could doubt it? Appearance is what we directly see and feel, “sense-data,” which we believe to be a sign of some “reality.” Is there a real desk at all? If so, what kind of object can it be? APPEARANCE vERsUS REALITY

4. "Rotating snakes" Circular snakes appear to rotate 'spontaneously'.

5. Why is the utterance “I am a brain in a vat” always false? A) Brain-in-Body B) Brain doesn’t know if real vats exist, only knows idea(s) of the vat – not able to prove something that exists in the real world. Criticisms? The Matrix to illustrate... BRAIN IN A VAT – Hilary putnam

6. Materialism – Identity Theory and Functionalism Idealism – Dualism & Phenomenalism Approaches to Theories of RealityZatesky, etc. THEORIES OF REALITY – RECAP

7. Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Cartesian Doubt and the Search for Foundational Knowledge & Dualistic Interactions Why doubt everything, including your senses? How does an evil genius fit into this? What can we know with certainty? Descartes defense for belief in having a body? Difference/relation between body and mind? The Mind/body question

8. Gilbert Ryle(1900-1976), Functional Monism,“Exorcising Descartes’ ‘Ghost in the Machine” According to Ryle, what’s the “official doctrine” & why is it absurd? Person’s private vs. public histories? What is a category mistake? How has Descartes made a category mistake? What can we know with certainty? The Mind/body question

9. Split Brain Transplant ProblemDerek Parfitand Godfrey Vesey, “Brain Transplants and Personal Identity” Parfit’sThesis Possibility #1, #2, & #3 Is Parfit’sThesis a reasonable explanation of what happens to our “identity” over time? “Psychological Continuity” & personal identity The Mind/body question

10. Critical Thinking in the Present Day... WHAT THE BLEEP DO WE KNOW?

11. What are they? Practice Logical fallacies (14 studied)

12. Normally, if you look at or read something on the computer monitor, you aim your eyes directly at the surface of the monitor. You may already have mastered this technique (have you had a lot of practice?!). If you use normal regular ol' viewing to look at 3D images in our 3D Art Gallery, nothing will pop out. You won't see 3D! With the parallel viewing method (a.k.a. the divergence or Magic Eye method), the lines of sight of your eyes move outward toward parallel and meet in the distance at a point well behind and beyond the image. That's why it's called parallel viewing. When you parallel-view, the muscles inside your eye that control the focusing lens relax and lengthen.NOTE: there are several parallel-viewing sections in the 3D gallery. All Magic Eye stereograms are set up for parallel-viewing.

13. Hidden Candies

14. Dinosaur

15. Interlocking Rings

16. Saturn

17. Thought Experiments:a) Experience Machineb) Surrogates for the Better Future of Toronto The mind/body question

18. Definition of Terms Thomas Aquinas and Saint Anselm A Posteriori (experience based) = Cosmological, Teleological and A Priori (theory based) = Ontological arguments to reason for the existence of a supreme being Weaknesses/Critiques Philosophy of Religion