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Machining

Machining. It is a metal removing operation from the work piece with the help of machine tools and cutting tools. Metal is removed in the form of chip from the workpiece. Names of commonly used machine tools:. Lathe machines, Drilling machines, Grinders,

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Machining

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  1. Machining • It is a metal removing operation from the work piece with the help of machine tools and cutting tools. Metal is removed in the form of chip from theworkpiece.

  2. Names of commonly used machine tools: Lathemachines, Drillingmachines, Grinders, Shapingmachines, PlanningMachines, MillingMachines Boring Machines Metal CuttingSaws Slotting machinesetc.

  3. LatheMachines

  4. Lathemachine

  5. Basic principle of a lathe machine: • Lathe machines are normally usedtoproduce heldinthechuck cylindricalsurfaces.Thejobis attached to the head stock or between the centers provided at the head stock or tail stock. The tool is held on the compound rest. Job is rotated at the predetermined speed by the head stock. The tool is moved relative to the workpiece with the help of carriage, cross slide or compound rest. Desired quantity of metal is removed in the form of chip from the workpiece.

  6. Specification of a lathemachine • Alathemachineisspecifiedbythefollowing • Height of the centers measured from the lathebed. • Swingdiameteroverbed.Thisthelargestdiameterofwork piece which will revolve without touching the bed. It is equaltwicetheheightofcentersfromthebed. • Swingdiameterovercarriage.Itisthelargestdiameterthat can revolve over the cross-slide. This always less than the swing diameter over thebed. • Maximumbardiameter.Thisisthemaximumdiameter thatwillpassthroughtheheadstockspindle. • Length of thebed.

  7. Fig.-Specifications oflathe machine

  8. Classification of Lathemachines • Lathescanbeclassified intofollowingthreetypes • EngineLathes • Light weight bench enginelathe • Precision Tool Roomlathes • Gaplathes • TurretLathes • Special Purposelathes

  9. Basic OperationsPerformedon a Lathe Machine: Turning –Plain turning , Stepturning Facing TaperTurning Drilling: Boring: Reaming: Knurling: Forming: Chamfering: Parting Off: Threading or threadcutting

  10. Turning

  11. Plain turning on lathemachine

  12. Fig.- step turning on lathemachine

  13. Fig.- Facing on lathemachine

  14. Turning on lathemachine

  15. FIG.- TAPER TURNING BY COMPOUND RESTMETHOD

  16. Taper turning by set overmethod

  17. Taperturning by swivelingthe compound rest

  18. Taper turning by formtool

  19. Eccentric turning on lathemachine

  20. FIG.-KNURLING

  21. Knurling on lathemachine

  22. Knurlingonlathe usingknurling tool

  23. Knurlingtool

  24. FIG.- DRILLING ANDBORING

  25. Drilling on lathemachine

  26. Boring on lathemachine

  27. Drilling onlathe

  28. Boring onlathe

  29. Reaming on lathemachine

  30. Reaming onlathe usingreamer tool

  31. Reamers

  32. FIGURE – GROOVING ANDPARTING

  33. Parting on lathemachine

  34. Grooving onlathe

  35. Forming on lathemachine

  36. Chamfering on lathemachine

  37. Threading onlathe

  38. Threading on lathemachine

  39. ShapingMachines • A shaper is used for producing relatively small flat surfaces. A single point tool is mounted on a tool box fitted to a reciprocating ram. The job is clamped in a vice. There is a cutting action in the forward motion of the tool while the return stroke is idle. Job is given indexedfeed.

  40. FIG.-SHAPER

  41. Shapermachine

  42. Shaperoperations • Horizontalcutting • Verticalcutting • Inclinedcutting • Irregularcutting

  43. HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICAL CUTTING ONSHAPER

  44. INCLINED CUTTING ONSHAPER

  45. PLANNING MACHINE ORPLANNER • Planning machines are used for generating large flat surfaces.These flat surfaces may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. Planing machines also perform all the functions that a shaping machine does. The planning machines handle larger and heavyjobs. • In planning machines the job is mounted on a table which moves forward and backward. The tool is held firmlyonthecrossrailsinthemiddleofthemachine.

  46. FIGURE-PLANNER

  47. Planermachine

  48. FIG.- MACHINING BEDON PLANNER

  49. Diff. between shaper and planer Planing Machine ShapingMachine 1. Machine is heavy and isusedfor 1.Machineislightandonlysmalljob producing largesurfaces can beproduced. 2. Cutting takes place by 2. Cutting takesplaceby reciprocating the workpiece 3. Heavier cuts can begiven reciprocating thetool. 3.Onlylightcutscanbegiven. 4. Several tools can bemountedand 4.Onlyonetoolisusedatatime. employed at atime 5. Only one job can be taken up at a similar time. 5.Severaljobsrequiring operations can be machined time ata6.Indexedfeedisgiventothejob during idle stroke of theram. 6. Indexed feed is given to the tool during idle stroke of the worktable.

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