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Morphemes

Morphemes. kumilad. Suffix. A little Persian. Morpheme. {-i}. Suffix. A little Persian. Morpheme. {-i}. Noun Former. Suffix. A little Persian. Morpheme. {-i}. Noun Former. Simplex. Complex. adjective —> [adjective-affix] noun. Noun. Noun. Adjective. Adjective. Adj. Af.

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Morphemes

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  1. Morphemes kumilad English 306A; Harris

  2. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} English 306A; Harris

  3. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former English 306A; Harris

  4. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former Simplex Complex adjective —> [adjective-affix]noun Noun Noun Adjective Adjective Adj Af Adj Af English 306A; Harris

  5. The unit • Phonetics: the phone. • Phonology: the phoneme. • Lexicology: the word. • Morphology: the morpheme. • Syntax: the sentence. • Semantics: the proposition. English 306A; Harris

  6. morph + ology shape + talk English 306A; Harris

  7. morph + ology shape + talk English 306A; Harris

  8. The smallest signifier/signified bundles • {un-} Antonym former • {re-} Iterative former • {draw} Verb, to make representative marks • {-s} Third-singular-present agreement former • {-ing} Present-participle former English 306A; Harris

  9. Homophony/PolysemyBut, … matching the signifiers and signifieds is not a piece of cake • {-ing} Present-participle former “Oriana is drawing the cat” • {-ing} Gerund former “Oriana’s drawing of the cat is beautiful.” • {-ing} Adjective former “Oriana’s drawing chalk is the white one” English 306A; Harris

  10. SignifierSemasiology SignifiedOnomasiology Bound!Derivational! What type is {-i}? • Morpheme form free (= word) bound (= affix) • prefix • suffix • infix • circumfix • Morpheme function derivational • change meaning dramatically, and/or word category inflectional • never change category, and only change meaning very subtly Noun adjective Af xubi English 306A; Harris

  11. New New Old Af Af Old oooa aooooo New Af Old ooaoo Old Af Old Af aooooa Affix rules • prefix oldcategory —> [affix-oldcategory]newcategory • suffix oldcategory —> [oldcategory-affix]newcategory • infix oldcategory —> [old-affix- category]newcategory • circumfix oldcategory —> [af-oldcategory-fix]newcategory English 306A; Harris

  12. Affix rules • Prefix e.g. {un-} adjective —> [un-adjective ]adjective {anti-} adjective —> [anti-adjective ]adjective {anti-} noun —> [anti-noun ]noun • suffix {-er} verb —> [verb-er]noun {-ness} adjective —> [adjective-ness]noun {-ly} adjective —> [adjective-ly]adverb unattractive anti-racist anti-racism writer happiness quickly English 306A; Harris

  13. CompoundsMorphological analysis Noun Adjective Noun blackboard English 306A; Harris

  14. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun? Verb? Adjective? Adverb? Preposition? Determiner? Qualifier? Quantifier? Who cares? ? fly English 306A; Harris

  15. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun fly English 306A; Harris

  16. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Verb fly English 306A; Harris

  17. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective fly English 306A; Harris

  18. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis ? ? Af flies English 306A; Harris

  19. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Noun Noun Af Plural flies English 306A; Harris

  20. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Verb Verb Af 3rd singularpresentagreement flies English 306A; Harris

  21. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Adjective Adjective Af flies English 306A; Harris

  22. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective Adjective Adjective Af Adjective Af flier fliest English 306A; Harris

  23. Optionality optionality English 306A; Harris

  24. Optionality Noun optionality English 306A; Harris

  25. Af Optionality Noun Adj optionality English 306A; Harris

  26. Af Optionality Noun Adj Noun Af optionality English 306A; Harris

  27. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

  28. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

  29. Roots and stems stems optionality root English 306A; Harris

  30. Ainu (Japan) English 306A; Harris

  31. adjective —> [e-adjective]verb English 306A; Harris

  32. Ainu (Japan) Verb Af Adjective e pirka English 306A; Harris

  33. Bontoc (Philippines) • kumilad = he is becoming red • fumusul = he is becoming an enemy • fikas = strong • fumikas = he is becoming strong • fusul = enemy • bato = stone • bumato = he is becoming hard • kilad = red What’s he reading? English 306A; Harris

  34. Bontoc (Philippines) • {-um-} third-person singular masculine inchoative verb-former kumilad = he is becoming red he, not I or you he, not they he, not she or it becoming is; state change English 306A; Harris

  35. Verb Adjective Af Bontoc (Philippines) k um ilad English 306A; Harris

  36. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

  37. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

  38. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

  39. MorphologyZoque possessives • {-j- } • third-person • singular • masculine • possessive English 306A; Harris

  40. MorphologyZoque possessives b j uRu English 306A; Harris

  41. Noun Noun Af Morphologynoun —> [n-j-oun]noun b j uRu English 306A; Harris

  42. MorphophonologyZoque possessives • {m-}, {n-}, {N-} • first-person • singular • possessive English 306A; Harris

  43. MorphophonologyZoque possessives Noun Noun Noun Af Af Af Noun Noun Noun Assimilation in place of articulation n wakas m pama N kama English 306A; Harris

  44. Chickasaw English 306A; Harris

  45. Chickasaw • {-a}, {-i} • third-person • singular • affirmative • {ik- … -o} • third-person • singular • negative • Verb forms • chokm- • lakn- • pall- • tiww- English 306A; Harris

  46. Verb Verb Af Af Chickasaw circumfix verb —> [ik-verb-o]verb iklakno English 306A; Harris

  47. Af Af Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes Noun Verb Adj Verb Af Adj Af iklakno postmodernism English 306A; Harris

  48. Noun Verb Adj Af Verb Af Af Adj Af Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes iklakno postmodernism English 306A; Harris

  49. English “Circumfixes” • em-bold-en • en-light-en • ir-regard-less • a-work-in • a-turn-in • a-change-in English 306A; Harris

  50. English “Infixes” English 306A; Harris

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