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6-Kingdom System

6-Kingdom System. Archaebacteria & Eubacteria (formerly the Kingdom Monera ). Part 3 Classification notes. What is an Archaebacteria?. Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments. What is Eubacteria?. Prokaryotes that have very strong cell wall & less complex genetic make up

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6-Kingdom System

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  1. 6-Kingdom System

  2. Archaebacteria & Eubacteria(formerly the Kingdom Monera) Part 3 Classification notes

  3. What is an Archaebacteria? Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments

  4. What is Eubacteria? • Prokaryotes that have very strong cell wall & less complex genetic make up • found in most habitats except the extremes

  5. Diversity: • Obligate Aerobes- require Oxygen • Obligate Anaerobes- killed in Oxygen

  6. Sizes/Shapes • Size= microscopic • Shapes: • Cocci (round) • Bacilli (rod) • Spirilli (spiral) • Clusters are called staphylo • Chains are called strepto

  7. Reproduce Binary fission (asexual)

  8. Conjugation/ spores (sexual)

  9. Structure:

  10. Adaptations: • endospore- outer covering that forms in adverse conditions and can allow the bacteria to lie dormant for years

  11. Disadvantages: decay, spoilage, disease, infections Advantages: genetic engineering, food, cleanups

  12. Alexander Fleming: discovered pencillin-mold on bacteria

  13. PROTISTA KINGDOM NOTES, part 4

  14. Protists Are the diverse group of organisms May be multicellular or unicellular Heterotrophic or autotrophic Eukaryotes

  15. May be parasites (feed on living things) May be saprophytes (feed on dead things) May be free-living Divided into 3 groups: Animal–like, Plant-like, Fungus-like

  16. Animal-Like Protists Called protozoans Feed on other organisms or dead matter Reproduce sexually or asexually

  17. Grouped according to locomotion Use contractile vacuole to pump out excess water Examples: amoeba(uses psuedopods) and paramecium (uses cilli)

  18. Plant-Like Protists photosynthetic Autotrophs Some are unicellular or mutlicellular(algae) Many use flagellum

  19. Examples: euglena (uses flagella) and algae

  20. Fungus-Like Protists Heterotrophs that live on wastes or dead material Example: slime mold

  21. FUNGI KINGDOM NOTES, part 5

  22. Fungi Are multicelluar eukaryotes Reproduces by budding, spores or fragmentation Have cell walls made of chitin May be parasitic, saprophytic, or mutualisitic

  23. LICHEN: mutualistic relationship between fungus and algae or cynabacteria (blue-green bacteria)

  24. MYCORRHIZA: mutualistic relationship between fungus and plants

  25. Decomposers that return and recycle nutrients

  26. EXAMPLES breadmold (Rhizopusstolonifer), yeast (single-celled), Mushrooms, Puffballs, Bracket Fungi, Athlete’s foot, ringworm

  27. PLANTAE KINGDOM NOTES

  28. Plants are autotrophic (produce their own food), multi-cellular, eukaryotes • Plants store food in the form of starch • Plants cells are surrounded by a cell wall which is made of cellulose

  29. Plants possess growing regions of activity dividing cells called meristems found at the tips of stems and roots • Auxins are a class of hormone that regulate the growth of plant cells • The phases of a plant life are the sporophyte (2n) and gametophyte (1n) stages • Some plants reproduce asexually by a process called vegetative propagation

  30. Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis • Transpiration is the process in which water and carbon dioxide are lost in leaves through the stomata which are regulated by guard cells • The broad , flat portion of the leaf is the blade which is attached to the stem by a petiole

  31. Compound simple doublecompound

  32. Taxonomist classify the major groups of plants into DIVISIONS based on whether or not they have vascular tissue

  33. Nonvascular plants have no true roots, stems, or leaves • Ex: mosses, liverwort

  34. Vascular plants transport water & mineral from one plant part to another • Seedless plants • Seed plants

  35. Gymnosperms (naked seed plants) ex: conifers, combs

  36. Angiosperms (flowering plants) ex: fruit

  37. Monocots (flowering plants with only one seed leaf) • Dicots(flowering plants with two seed leaves)

  38. Vascular Tissue (transportation) • Xylem – carries water and minerals from the roots to stem • Phloem – transports sugar from leaves to the rest of the plant

  39. Ground Tissue • Parenchyma – storage and food production • Collenchyma– allows cell to grow • Sclerenchyma – provides support and strength of plants • Dermal Tissue – forms the outside coverings of plants

  40. Trophisms • plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • 5 Types: (away=negative, toward=positive)

  41. Phototropism –response to light coming from one direction • Hydrotropism – roots respond to water • Gravitotropism– response to gravity • Thigmotropism - growth response to contact with solid object • Chemotropism – plant growth to a chemical

  42. A flower has two major reproductive structures (SEXUAL reproduction)

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