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Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters. General Overview. Opportunistic Pathogens of Plants, Animals, and Humans Many Taxonomic Changes in Last Decade Clinically Important Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Include: Aerobic nonfermenters : 10-15% of clinical isolates

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Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters

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  1. Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters

  2. General Overview • Opportunistic Pathogens of Plants, Animals, and Humans • Many Taxonomic Changes in Last Decade • Clinically Important Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Include: • Aerobic nonfermenters: 10-15% of clinical isolates • Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Burkholderia cepacia; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Acinetobacter baumannii; Moraxella catarrhalis: Account for >75% of all clinical isolates of aerobic nonfermenters • Facultative anaerobes and microaerophiles: 70-80% of clinical isolates • Haemophilus & related organisms: 10-15% of clinical isolates • Unusual bacilli: <1% of clinical isolates • Pseudomonads Classified into Five rRNA Groups

  3. General Characteristics of Nonfermenters • Oxidative gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas spp., produce acid from glucose or other carbohydrates only in the presence of oxygen (nonfermenters). • NOTE:Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas and Vibrio are fermentative and can utilize carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. • Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidizes but does not ferment glucose. Alcaligenes faecalis neither ferments nor oxidizes glucose (see Lab Manual).

  4. Clinically Important Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli Lab only Later

  5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Family Pseudomonadaceae)

  6. Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Motile (by single or multiple polar flagella) gram-negative rods • Obligate (strict) aerobes (most strains) • Oxidase (usually) and catalase positive • Nonfermentative chemoheterotrophic respiratory metabolism • Minimal nutritional reqts.; Many organic compounds used as C and N sources, but only a few carbohydrates by oxidative metabolism • Glucose used oxidatively • Lactose negative on MacConkey’s agar • Some strains produce diffusible pigments: • Pyocyanin (blue); fluorescein (yellow); pyorubin (red) • P. aeruginosa produces characteristic grape-like odor and blue-green pus & colonies • Broad antibiotic resistance

  7. (Slime layer) Survive where most organisms cannot; e.g., “oil-eating” bacteria are Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

  8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections(cont.) Characteristic grape-like odor. Bluish-green color clinically and in the lab due to presence of two pigments: pyocyanin & fluorescein.

  9. Virulence Factors Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  10. Mechanism of Action of Exotoxin A

  11. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  12. Burkholderia cepacia

  13. Diseases Associated with Burkholderia spp.

  14. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

  15. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

  16. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (cont.)

  17. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (cont.)

  18. Acinetobacter baumanii

  19. Acinetobacter baumanii

  20. Moraxella catarrhalis

  21. Moraxella catarrhalis

  22. REVIEW Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters

  23. General Characteristics of Nonfermenters • Oxidative gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas spp., produce acid from glucose or other carbohydrates only in the presence of oxygen (nonfermenters). • NOTE:Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas and Vibrio are fermentative and can utilize carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. • Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidizes but does not ferment glucose. Alcaligenes faecalis neither ferments nor oxidizes glucose (see Lab Manual). REVIEW

  24. Clinically Important Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli Lab only Later REVIEW

  25. Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Family Pseudomonadaceae)

  26. Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Motile (by single or multiple polar flagella) gram-negative rods • Obligate (strict) aerobes (most strains) • Oxidase (usually) and catalase positive • Nonfermentative chemoheterotrophic respiratory metabolism • Minimal nutritional reqts.; Many organic compounds used as C and N sources, but only a few carbohydrates by oxidative metabolism • Glucose used oxidatively • Lactose negative on MacConkey’s agar • Some strains produce diffusible pigments: • Pyocyanin (blue); fluorescein (yellow); pyorubin (red) • P. aeruginosa produces characteristic grape-like odor and blue-green pus & colonies • Broad antibiotic resistance REVIEW

  27. (Slime layer) Survive where most organisms cannot; e.g., “oil-eating” bacteria are Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections REVIEW

  28. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections(cont.) Characteristic grape-like odor. Bluish-green color clinically and in the lab due to presence of two pigments: pyocyanin & fluorescein. REVIEW

  29. Virulence Factors Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa REVIEW

  30. Mechanism of Action of Exotoxin A REVIEW

  31. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa REVIEW

  32. Review of Burkholderia cepacia

  33. Diseases Associated with Burkholderia spp. REVIEW

  34. Review ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia

  35. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (cont.) REVIEW

  36. Review ofAcinetobacter baumanii

  37. Acinetobacter baumanii REVIEW

  38. Review of Moraxella catarrhalis

  39. Moraxella catarrhalis REVIEW

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