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Session 2 Early Warning

Risk Communication. Session 2 Early Warning. DISASTER. EDUCATION. RECONSTRUCTION. PREPAREDNESS. RESTORATION. BEFORE THE EVENT. AFTER THE EVENT. PRE-IMPACT. EMERGENCY. Disaster. IMPACT. EARLY WARNING. Motoyuki Ushiyama. Contents.

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Session 2 Early Warning

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  1. Risk Communication Session 2 Early Warning DISASTER EDUCATION RECONSTRUCTION PREPAREDNESS RESTORATION BEFORE THE EVENT AFTER THE EVENT PRE-IMPACT EMERGENCY Disaster IMPACT EARLY WARNING Motoyuki Ushiyama

  2. Contents Early warning as an application of disaster risk communication • Time-constraint and real-time communication • Hierarchical information structure and command control oriented.  Blocking factors of early warning system • Redundancy is necessary in the system • End victims’ active participation Support for vulnerable people

  3. Position of early warning in the disaster management cycle • During a disaster • forecasting, warnings, evacuation, real-time observation. Warning and Hazard Type • Weather disaster (heavy rainfall, flood, windstorm) • Possible to issue a warning before disaster. • Earthquake • Not possible to announce pre-disaster warning.

  4. Levels of a weather disaster warning messages Disaster Impact level High Low Time Forecast (Daily information) Hazard Advisory (Alert information) Disaster Warning (Action trigger for organizations) Evacuation (Emergency message for residents)

  5. Command control oriented message transmission routes Coast Guard Community Prefectures Municipality Meteorological Agency Telephone company Public broadcasting station broadcast

  6. Factors that may block the transmission of a Warning Message • Examples of Technical Blocking Factors • Technical trouble of information transmission system • Break up of communication lines or power failure • Examples of Human Blocking Factors • The person who uses the information system does not understand how to use it. • The person who receives the information does not notice the fact. • The relay person who receives information forgets or mistakenly neglects to contact and convey the message to another party.

  7. Governmental office Redundancy as a fail-safe device for Warning Transmission System Other equipments Municipality equipments Local government office Police Fire station Volunteer fire defense organization Loud speaker van Loudspeaker Mass media, Community radio broadcast Residents

  8. Community citizens’ active participationTaiwanese simple rainfall observation device • It is significant that local residents measure rainfall by themselves. • They can realistically understand and get hands –on experience on how much rainfall means and how dangerous it is to them. Simple Rain-gauge in Taiwan: The River Bureau has distributed this to residents in order to help prevent sediment disaster. Residents can thus observe rainfall. If rainfall amount reaches over the red line, they should immediately evacuate independently.

  9. Support for Vulnerable People • Vulnerable people are those who need special assistance at the time of disaster. • physically handicapped persons, the elderly, pregnant women, small children, poor people, etc. • Even healthy people who do not know an area well are also considered vulnerable people. • Foreigners and travelers are examples • Identify what kind of vulnerable people are in the area. • Have a plan how they will be helped in case of a disaster.

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