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The "Bolivian" Revolutions

The "Bolivian" Revolutions. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia: All freed by Simon Bolivar. Simon Bolivar. Born in Caracas to wealthy family Friend & mentor Don Simon taught Bolivar about the Enlightenment, liberty, & freedom Entered military academy in Panama at age of 14

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The "Bolivian" Revolutions

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  1. The "Bolivian" Revolutions Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia: All freed by Simon Bolivar

  2. Simon Bolivar • Born in Caracas to wealthy family • Friend & mentor Don Simon taught Bolivar about the Enlightenment, liberty, & freedom • Entered military academy in Panama at age of 14 • Greatly admired American & French Revolutions, and George Washington & Thomas Jefferson • Very anti-slavery, but nervous about mixed-race people • Did not believe U.S.-style government would work well in Latin America • No children, only wife died of yellow fever

  3. The Peninsular War (again!) • Spanish Americans formed juntas to rule in the absence of the “true” king • Junta: Spanish word meaning council • The juntas led to confusion and struggles for power between competing juntas • Royalists and liberals fought for control of the juntas • By 1815 (end of P. War), Spanish America divided between royalists and pro-independence forces • The Mask of Ferdinand: did Spanish Americans invoke Ferdinand VII’s name only to achieve their goals?

  4. Bolivar’s Military Campaigns • Bolivar returns to Venezuela in 1807, given a command by the junta in 1813 • As the Peninsular War drew to a close, Spain began focusing on their American empire again • Bolivar fought against royalists and forces that did not recognize authority of the United Provinces

  5. First Campaign

  6. After political & military disputes in 1815, Bolivar fled to Jamaica & Haiti • Returned in 1816, defeated royalists and proclaimed independence of Gran Columbia on Sept 7, 1821 • Gran Columbia = modern day Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, & northern Peru • Bolivar named 1st president of Gran Columbia • Battle of Ayacucho in 1824: Bolivar’s forces captured last Spanish viceroy; considered the end of the Spanish American wars of independence

  7. Aftermath • Bolivar dreamed of uniting South America into one nation (like the United States) • This never happened due to competing interests among the new states • Not wanting Gran Columbia to start breaking apart, Bolivar took measures to strengthen central power; named lifetime president then dictator in 1828 • Bolivar’s moves angered liberals, who tried to assassinate the leader in the same year • Slightly disillusioned, Bolivar resigned in April 1830 to move to Europe; died in September before he could set sail

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