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Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800

Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800. Chapter 13, sec 1. Driving. Motivations: Why do you want to drive a car? Means: What types of things do you have to have to drive a car? Effects: What are the positive effects? Negative effects of driving a car?.

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Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800

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  1. Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800 Chapter 13, sec 1

  2. Driving • Motivations: • Why do you want to drive a car? • Means: • What types of things do you have to have to drive a car? • Effects: • What are the positive effects? Negative effects of driving a car?

  3. The Motives(Why they wanted toexplore) • Marco Polo’s writings about Asia • Need a sea route because of Ottoman Empire • Spices found in the East used to flavor and preserve food • God-convert natives to Catholicism • Glory-adventure and praise • Gold-finding precious metals & expanding trade.

  4. Marco Polo’s Writings

  5. Ottoman Dominance

  6. Exotic Spices

  7. The Means (How were they able to explore) • New technology • Cartography (the art & science of mapmaking) had been developed by the Arabs • Compass-showed ship’s direction • Astrolabe-showed ship’s latitude • Better ships • Established European monarchies • Especially Spain & Portugal & England

  8. Portuguese Trading Empire • 1420 Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors exploration along the western coast of Africa • Gold is discovered— becomes known as Gold Coast • 1488 Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope looking for route to India • 1498 Vasco de Gama made the trip to the port of Calcutta—spice cargo = huge profits • Ports set up in Goa, on Malay Peninsula, and the Moluccas or Spice Islands. • Portuguese force Arabs out of control of the spice trade. • No intention of colonization— trading posts only

  9. African Gold Coast

  10. Bartholomeu Diaz

  11. Voyages to the New World • Spanish--Columbus looks for route to Asia by sailing west instead of around Africa. • 1492 Columbus reaches Americas, explores Cuba, Haiti (Hispaniola) • Believes he has reached Asia; reaches all major islands of Caribbean and Honduras—calls them all Indies (India) • English—John Cabot explores coastline of New England

  12. Voyages to the New World cont. • Portugal—Pedro Cabral & Amerigo Vespucci in South America • Dutch—explore & claim Hudson River and present day New York • Treaty of Tordesillas • set up by Spain & Portugal • new territory claimed is determined by a north to south line through the Atlantic Ocean and South America

  13. The Spanish Empire • Conquistadors-Spanish conquerors of the Americas. • Cortes conquers Aztecs • Pizzaro conquers Incas • Queen Isabella declares natives her subjects • grants Spanish encomienda-right to use natives as laborers • settlers use Indians brutally • Spain sets up colonies throughout New World—missionaries, dioceses, parishes, schools, hospitals

  14. The “Columbian Exchange” • Effects: • Native populations virtually destroyed by starvation, disease, and brutality. • Natives forced to accept European systems • Europe gains gold, silver, & many products • European rivalries deepen • Monarchies become stronger due to trade and colonization

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