Colonial America

1. Colonial America 1565-1750

2. Spanish claims • Conquistadores sought gold • Spanish crown institutes encomienda system • North American settlements: • Florida • New Mexico • Texas • California

3. French Claims • 1608 Quebec • Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France” • Louisiana territory • Sought converts to Catholicism and fur trading (led to better relations to Native Americans)

4. Dutch Claims • 1609 Henry Hudson explores northeast • New Amsterdam (later named New York) • Dutch West India Company

5. English claims • 1497 John Cabot explores Newfoundland • 1570s Sir Francis Drake – attacked Spanish ships, seized gold • 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke “Lost Colony”

6. The Thirteen Colonies • New England • Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire • Middle • New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Chesapeake • Virginia and Maryland • Southern • North and South Carolina, Georgia

7. Three types of colonies • Corporate – Joint-Stock Companies • Royal – under direct authority of the king’s government • Proprietary – under authority of individuals granted by the king

8. Virginia • 1607 – Jamestown first permanent settlement • John Rolfe – tobacco • Powhatan – Pocahontas • 1619 House of Burgesses – first representative government • 1619 – first Africans arrive

9. Massachusetts • 1620 Plymouth • Pilgrims – Separatists • Mayflower Compact • 1630 Massachusetts Bay • Puritans • John Winthrop • Great Migration • Conflicts with Natives • Pequot War • Metacom’s War

10. Maryland • 1632 Virginia Colony split by king • Lord Baltimore – proprietor • Act of Toleration 1649 – religious freedom • Tobacco

11. Rhode Island • Roger Williams – Providence • Recognize rights of Native Americans • Religious tolerance • Anne Hutchinson – Portsmouth • 1644 join into one colony

12. Connecticut • Reverend Thomas Hooker – Hartford • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) – established representative government

13. New Hampshire • 1679 King Charles II splits Massachusetts Bay to gain more control

14. North & South Carolina • North – Tobacco farmers from Virginia • South – planters from West Indies brought the plantation system (rice & indigo) and slavery • 1712 – North and South Carolina become separate colonies

15. New York • Dutch – New Amsterdam • 1664 James II (king’s brother and future king) sends force • Didn’t allow local government – first opposition to taxation without representation • 1683 – win representation

16. New Jersey • 1664 James splits NY • 1702 NJ combined to eliminate property disputes

17. Pennsylvania • 1681 • William Penn – Quaker • Freedom of worship • Good relations with Native Americans

18. Delaware • 1702 Penn gives lower Pennsylvania their own assemblies

19. Georgia • 1732 • Defensive border • Jailed debtors • James Ogelthorpe

20. New England Colonies • Rocky soil and short growing season • Fishing, whaling, lumbering, and ship building • Strong Puritan Religion • Family units

21. Middle Colonies • Rivers linked the coast with the interior. • Philadelphia and New York were port cities • Breadbasket colonies – cash crops like wheat, barley, and rye

22. Chesapeake & Southern Colonies • Close economic ties with the “Mother Country” • Excellent soil and a long growing season • Headright system • Plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo using slave labor.

23. Roots of colonial self-rule • House of Burgesses (Virginia 1619) • Mayflower Compact (Plymouth 1620) • Massachusetts General Court • Voting initially based on church membership, then property ownership • Town Meetings • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –First written constitution • Act of Toleration (Maryland 1649) • Salutary Neglect