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Agenda Section 2 – The Spread of Islam -continued. The Spread of Islam. caliph Imams Sultan Abu Bakr Umar Sunni Shi’ah Sufi Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah Tariq Moors. Key Vocabulary. II. The Spread of Islam. Expansion under Abu Bakr and ‘Umar
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Agenda Section 2 – The Spread of Islam -continued The Spread of Islam
caliph Imams Sultan Abu Bakr Umar Sunni Shi’ah Sufi Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah Tariq Moors Key Vocabulary
II. The Spread of Islam • Expansion under Abu Bakr and ‘Umar • After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr becomes caliph – “successor to the prophet. • Islam begins to expand under his rule. • ‘Umar is next and continues expansion including most of the Persian Empire and Iraq. • People were not required to convert to Islam – kept their own religion – but had to pay extra taxes. • Accepted Christians/Jews as “People of the Book”. • Within 100 years – Muslims had control in parts of India, most of North Africa, Mediterranean islands and southern Spain. • Failed to conquer Constantinople.
II. The Spread of Islam (continued) • B. The Islamic Community Divides • Dispute about how to choose new caliphs led to a split in the Islamic community. • ‘Uthman – murdered – ‘Ali chosen to succeed him. • Mu’awiya disagrees leading to war. • ‘Ali – assassinated – Mu’awiya takes over. • Those who accept Mu’awiya’s leadership become the Sunni (Sunna – way of the prophet) • ‘Ali’s followers want his successors to be caliph – these become the Shi’ah. • Third group – Sufi develop later – mystics who tried to live simple lives centered on God.
II. The Spread of Islam (continued) • C. The Empire continues to spread • Tariq – enters Spain crossing the Mediterranean at the Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq) • The Moors – Muslims who conquered and lived in Spain. • The Moors tried to take over France, but were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Tours (732 C.E.). • The Moors went back to Spain and ruled for more than 700 years. • Arab Muslims were dominant until the 1100s until the Turkish speaking Muslims took over Islam and continued its spread. • Turkish Muslims were warlike nomads focused on conquest. • They respected the caliph, but eventually power began to shift to sultans (Turkish rulers). • 1000s C.E. Turks took over Baghdad, Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and by the 1200s, controlled most of northern India. • 1250s – the conquests of Turkish Muslims was slowed by western Christians and Mongols.
