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Independence in Latin America. Social Classes in Colonial Latin America. Very strict class system Highest Class - Peninsulares – these were Europeans, born in Europe and educated in Europe They were the viceroys and high government and church officials
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Social Classes in Colonial Latin America • Very strict class system Highest Class - Peninsulares– these were Europeans, born in Europe and educated in Europe They were the viceroys and high government and church officials Second Class – Criollos (Creoles) – these were the children of Europeans, BUT they were born and raised in Latin America. They were wealthy and educated but they didn’t get the top jobs in government.
3rd Class – Mestizo – Far below the first two classes. Mestizo were shop owners, farmers and overseers at mines 4th Class – Natives – Often raised crops on their own lands, in their own villages. 5th Class – Free Blacks Became workers and laborers Lowest Class – Slaves- They were sometimes allowed to buy their own freedom
Peninsulares Which group do you think would not want independence? Peninsulares Criollos (Creoles) Mestizo Natives Free Blacks Slaves
Does this class system still exist? • Last 3 presidents of Mexico Ernesto Zedillo Vincente Fox Felipe Calderon Evo Morales - Bolivia
HAITI • The first country to gain independence • Who did they get independence from? • FRANCE How?
SLAVE REVOLT • The revolution was led by a slave… • ToussantL’Overture • In 1800 he kicked all foreigners out of Haiti (Hispaniola) • Who was emperor of France at that time? • Napoleon Bonaparte
The fight for Haiti • In 1802 Napoleon sent an army to Haiti. • BUT, most of the army died of yellow fever. • They all ran away!! • Napoleon was too busy to care to send another army. • In 1804, Haiti declared independence!
Venezuela • Who did they get their independence from? • Spain • How?
Simon Bolivar • Simon Bolivar came from a wealthy Creole family • He was educated in Europe after the French Revolution • In 1807 he joined revolutionaries in Venezuela • They got money and guns from Haiti • They finally won independence in 1816!
Mexico • Who did they get their independence from? • Spain • How?
Father Miguel Hidalgo • He led a revolt by natives and mestizo against the government • He was captured and executed in 1811 • He is known as the Father of the Nation of Mexico
Mexico gains Independence • Other leaders kept up the fight. • Mexico got its independence in 1821 • Declared itself a republic • Wrote a constitution in 1823
“Run away! Run away!” Brazil Who did they get their independence from? Portugal Here’s the story… King John VI (the sixth) was the king of Portugal BUT, Napoleon was taking over Europe at that time. King John left Portugal and moved to his colony in Brazil to escape Napoleon
When Napoleon was gone (1821) King John returned to Portugal. He left his son, Pedro in charge.
“If Brazil wants independence give them independence, BUT make yourself King of Brazil.” King John had advice for his son… It’s great to be the king! So, Pedro becomes King of Brazil.”
Pedro Accepts a Constitution Pedro agreed to give the people of Brazil a constitution What did the constitution give them? Most Brazilians got basic rights They set up an elected legislature In 1889 Brazilians forced the king to step down. In 1889 Brazil declared itself a democratic republic.
