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4 groups of organic compounds found in living things

Learn about the four groups of organic compounds found in living things, including organic compounds, biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

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4 groups of organic compounds found in living things

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  1. 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things

  2. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds Found in Living Things • “Organic” Compounds • Organic means “contains Carbon”

  3. “Biomolecules” = large organic compounds • Built by bonding small molecules together to form chains called “polymers” • Formed by a chemical reaction called “condensation”

  4. Condensation HOW TO BUILD A LARGER MOLECULE BY COMBINING SMALLER MOLECULES. H OH + + H20 H20 HOW TO BREAK DOWN A LARGER MOLECULE INTO SMALLER MOLECULES. Hydrolysis “lysis” = split apart + + H20

  5. ISOMER = Compounds with the same chemical formula, but different 3D structure Chemical formula H20 3D Structure O H H water is not an isomer!

  6. Slide 4 of 4 Chemical formula C6H1206 = glucose C6H1206 = fructose 3D Structure • ISOMER = Compounds with the same chemical formula, but different 3D structure CH2OH O different 3D structure OH OH HO OH HOCH2 OH O OH CH2OH OH

  7. CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 1 of 2) • Made up of C, H, & O • Main source of energy • Used for structural purposes in plants (cellulose)

  8. CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 2 of 3) SIMPLEST = single sugar molecules = “monosaccharide” Example: glucose, fructose sucrose + = glucose fructose Monosaccharide Monosaccharide Disaccharide Think of each monosaccharide as a lego piece. A disaccharide is made up of two monosaccharides + H20

  9. CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 3 of 3) LARGEST = “polysaccharide” Example: starch, fiber, cellulose, glycogen A polysaccharide is made up of manymonosaccharides. Polysaccharide

  10. Lipids(Slide 1 of 3) • Aka “fats” • Made up of mostly C & H • Ex: fats, oils, waxes, steroids • Used to store energy (insulation, too) • Part of the cell membrane and waterproof covering • ALL are INSOLUBLE in water because they are NON POLAR

  11. Lipids(Slide 2 of 3) CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 Long chain of CH is called “fatty acid chain” saturated fat = maximum # of H+ atoms Example: lard CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 “double bond” unsaturated Example: olive oil = at least 1 C = C (carbon-carbon double bond)

  12. Lipids(Slide 3 of 3) CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH= CH2-CH2 “double bond” “double bond” “double bond” Polyunsaturated Example: cooking oil = more than one C = C (carbon-carbon double bond)

  13. Nucleic Acids (slide 1 of 3) • They contain C, H, O, N, P • Nucleic Acids = polymers (made up of nucleotides) monomer + = + N N N nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide “Nucleic Acid”

  14. Nucleic Acids (slide 2 of 3) • 3 parts of a nucleotide A) 5 carbon sugar B) Phosphate group C) Nitrogenous base C B A

  15. Nucleic Acids (slide 3 of 3) • Store and transmit hereditary (genetic info) • 2 types • DNA sugar = deoxyribose • RNA sugar = ribose

  16. Proteins(slide 1 of 3) • Contain C, H, O, N and some S • Basic building block = Amino acid (AA) Peptide bond AA AA AA AA + = + AA AA "protein"

  17. Proteins(slide 2 of 3) • 3 parts of an amino acid • amino acid (-NH2) • carboxyl group (-COOH) • R group (always different)

  18. Protein(slide 3 of 3) • Each protein has a specific role • Control rate of reaction • Regulate cell processes • Form bones and muscles • Transport substances in/out of cell • Example: “enzymes” = “proteins” that change rate of reaction, increase pH and temperature

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