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Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds. Carbon always has 4 bonds. Representing Organic Compounds. Molecular Formula -- C 4 H 10 Complete structural formula – Condensed structural formula – Line formula - . Isomers - Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

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Organic Compounds

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  1. Organic Compounds

  2. Carbon always has 4 bonds

  3. Representing Organic Compounds • Molecular Formula -- C4H10 • Complete structural formula – • Condensed structural formula – • Line formula -

  4. Isomers - Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers of Octane

  5. Isomers of Heptane n-heptane 2-methyl hexane 3-methyl hexane 2,4-dimethyl pentane 2,3-dimethyl pentane 2,2-dimethyl pentane 3-ethyl pentane 3,3-dimethyl pentane 2,3,3-trimethyl butane

  6. Nomenclature – alkanes • Find the longest chain of carbon atoms --- this is the base name of the alkane. • Alkyl groups branch off of the main chain • Main chain is numbered to show where alkyl groups are attached.

  7. Name this compound

  8. Longest chain highlighted

  9. 2 carbon group attached to main chain

  10. 3-ethyl hexane

  11. 4-ethyl-2-methyl heptane

  12. Cycloalkanes

  13. Alkenes – double bonds

  14. Alkynes – triple bonds

  15. Properties of Alkanes • Methane (CH4), propane (C3H8), and butane(C4H10) are all used as fuels. • Cyclopropane (C3H6) is a safe, effective, and fast acting anesthetic. • Pyrethrins are cyclopropane derivatives found in the pyrethrum daisy which have insecticidal activity. Pyrethrins are frequently used in flea sprays.

  16. Properties of Alkanes • Cyclopropane (C3H6) is a safe, effective, and fast acting anesthetic. • Pyrethrins are cyclopropane derivatives found in the pyrethrum daisy which have insecticidal activity. Pyrethrins are frequently used in flea sprays.

  17. Properties of Alkanes • Liquid alkanes (gasoline) dissolve and wash away oils. • Solid alkanes make up the waxy coating on fruits and vegetables. They are also applied to the skin as emollients (skin softeners).

  18. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Ethene used to ripen fruit.

  19. How do soaps work??

  20. Functional Groups in Organic Compounds • Hydrocarbons • Alcohols and Ethers • Aldehydes and Ketones • Carboxylic acids and Esters • Amines and Amides • Amino Acids

  21. Alcohols and Ethers • Alcohol • General formula R-OH • Ether • General formula R-O-R Methanol CH3OH Ethanol CH3CH2OH Dimethyl ether CH3OCH3 Diethyl ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3

  22. Aldehydes and Ketones • Contain a carbonyl group • Aldehydes • Carbonyl attached to at least 1 hydrogen • Ketones • No hydrogen attached to carbonyl.

  23. Aldehydes and Ketones Methanal Ethanal Propanone Butanone

  24. Carboxylic Acids and Esters • Contain a carboxyl group • Carboxylic acid • Oxygen attached to H • Esters • Carbon (R) group attached to H

  25. Carboxylic Acids and Esters Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid Methyl methanoate Methyl ethanoate

  26. Amines and Amides • Contain nitrogen • Amines • Amides • Carbonyl attached to a nitrogen

  27. Amines and Amides Methyl amine Ethyl amine Methanamide Ethanamide Propanamide

  28. Amino Acids

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