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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. The Periodic Table. The Periodic Table. Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with being the father of the periodic table. Mendeleev’s Table. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was arranged by the elements’ Atomic Mass. Element 101 in the Periodic Table is named in his honor.

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 The Periodic Table

  2. The Periodic Table • Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with being the father of the periodic table

  3. Mendeleev’s Table • Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was arranged by the elements’ Atomic Mass.

  4. Element 101 in the Periodic Table is named in his honor.

  5. Modern Periodic Table • Today’s Periodic Table is arranged by the elements’ Atomic Number. • Elements with similar properties are placed in the same column on the periodic table.

  6. Modern Periodic Table • The columns are called groups • The rows are called periods

  7. Modern Periodic Table Practice: Find the period and group of the following elements: Period Group • Ca _____ _____ • Al _____ _____ • Zr _____ _____ • Xe _____ _____ • Ra _____ _____ • U _____ _____

  8. Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

  9. Metals • Three or fewer electrons in the outer energy level • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Malleable (shapeable) • Metals are hard solids with shiny surfaces

  10. Nonmetals • Five or more electrons in the outer energy level • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Most are gases or brittle solids • Dull surfaces

  11. Metalloids • These are elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals.

  12. PP: Identify the following elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids: a) Sulfur (S) b) Hydrogen (H) c) Chromium (Cr) d) Tellurium (Te)

  13. 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  14. Family Names • Alkali metals

  15. Family Names • Alkaline earth metals

  16. Family Names • Transition metals

  17. Family Names • Boron group

  18. Family Names • Carbon group

  19. Family Names • Nitrogen group

  20. Family Names • Chalcogen

  21. Family Names • Halogens

  22. Family Names • Noble gases

  23. Family Names • Lanthanoids

  24. Family Names • Actinoids

  25. So What’s The Deal With The Shape? • The distribution of electrons around an atom was used to create the shape of the Periodic Table.

  26. 6.3 Periodic Trends • The radii or atoms increases from top to bottom and right to left.

  27. PP: Which has the largest radius: • Magnesium (Mg) • Silicon (Si) • Sulfur (S) • Sodium (Na)

  28. The factors that affect the size of an atom are: • Nuclear charge • Number of energy levels

  29. - + Atom Ion Atom Ion Ionic Radii • The radius of positive ions (cation) is smaller than that of the parent atom. • The radius of negative ions (anion) is larger than that of the parent atom.

  30. PP: Identify the larger particle: • Na Na+ • Cl Cl- • O O2- • Al Al3+ • Ca Ca2+

  31. Ionization Energy • Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

  32. PP: Which has the largest ionization energy? • Magnesium (Mg) • Silicon (Si) • Sulfur (S) • Sodium (Na)

  33. Factors Affecting Ionization Energy A strong nuclear charge will increase ionization energy. Strong shielding effect will decrease ionization energy. A full octet will increase ionization energy.

  34. Ionization Energy of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum: Na 496 4563 6913 9541 Mg 737 1450 7731 10545 Al 577 1,816 2,881 11,600 Explain the discrepancy in ionization energy.

  35. Electronegativity • Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract the electrons from another atom.

  36. PP: Which has the largest electronegativity: • Magnesium (Mg) • Silicon (Si) • Sulfur (S) • Sodium (Na)

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