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Roots of Democracy in America. Magna Carta. 1. 1215 English noblemen forced King John to sign Two basic ideas: Even a king must obey law Citizens have certain rights. Copy of the Magna Carta from 1225. Virginia House of Burgesses. 2. 1619
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Magna Carta 1 • 1215 • English noblemen forced King John to sign • Two basic ideas: • Even a king must obey law • Citizens have certain rights
Virginia House of Burgesses 2 • 1619 • First elected representative assembly in the colonies
Mayflower Compact 3 • Compact means agreement or contract • 1620 - Signed by the Pilgrims before they disembarked from the ship • They would elect men to govern Plymouth Plantation by majority vote • First attempt to practice democracyin American history
Signing of the Mayflower Compact, 1620 Artist: Percy Moran
English Bill of Rights 4 • 1689 • Signed by the English monarchs, William and Mary • Gave English Parliament ultimate power • Listed the rights of English citizens
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 5 First written constitution in American colonial history
John Locke 6 • 1690 • English philosopher • “Natural Rights of Man” • Life • Liberty • Private property
John Locke British Philosopher
7 Declaration of Independence • 1776 • Thomas Jefferson • “Unalienable Rights” • Argues that governments are created to protect man’s rights • People should abolish any government that does not
U.S. Constitution 8 • 1787 • Current written plan that describes the basic power structure and function of the federal government
9 Federalists • Leaders who wanted a strong federal (central) government. • Supported the Constitution as it was written in 1787. • James Madison (4th Pres.)– “Father of the Constitution.” • Alexander Hamilton – First Secretary of the Treasury. .
Federalists James Madison Alexander Hamilton
10 Anti-federalists • Leaders who opposed a strong federal government • Refused to ratify the 1787 Constitution until a “Bill of Rights” was added to protect citizens
11 Federalist Papers A series of essays written by the Federalists to convince Americans to support the Constitution and a stronger national government
12 Bill of Rights • First 10 amendments to the Constitution. • Lists the rights of American citizens.
13 Amendment I Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition
Amendment II 14 Amendment II Right to bear arms
Amendment III 15 Amendment III Prevents quartering of soldiers in citizens’ homes.
Amendment IV 16 Amendment IV Prevents illegal searches and seizures of property
Amendment V 17 Amendment V Protects rights of the accused, such as no self-incrimination in court and no double jeopardy.
Amendment VI 18 Amendment VI Right to a speedy trial by jury of your peers in criminal cases. (murder)
Amendment VII 19 Amendment VII Right to a jury trial in civil cases (lawsuits).
Amendment VIII 20 Amendment VIII Prevents excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments.
Amendment IX 21 Amendment IX • Rights reserved for the people. • Just because it isn’t specifically listed in the Bill of Rights does not mean you do not have a certain right. • Example: the right to privacy.
Amendment X 22 Amendment X • States’ Rights • If a power is not specifically granted to the national government, it is reserved for the states. • Example: public schools
Seven Principles of the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty • The people give government its power. • Government exists to serve the people. • Example: voting 23
Limited Government • No one is above the law. • Citizens and government officials must all follow the laws. 24
Individual Rights • Personal rights and freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights • First 10 Amendments • Examples: speech, religion, arms, speedy trial by jury 25
You are protected under the Bill of Rights umbrella
Republicanism We believe in electing officials to represent our interests and make the laws for us. Example: the U.S. Congress. 26
Separation of Powers • Our federal government is divided into 3 separate branches. • Each branch has its own separate and specific duties and responsibilities. 27 continued
Separation of Powers 3 Branches 27
Checks and Balances • Each branch can block the power of the other 2 branches. • Prevents 1 branch from becoming too powerful. • Examples: Presidential veto; Judicial review; Congressional approval of justices. 28
Federalism • The federal and state governments share some powers • Examples: • We pay federal income tax, and some states require a state income tax. • Both the federal and state governments build highways. 29
Federalism Federal Laws State Laws