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CHANGES IN CHINA AFTER MAO ZEDONG. 1976-PRESENT. After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, his successor, Deng Xiaoping began to make changes in the economic and social systems of China. ECONOMIC POLICY. Deng Xiaoping adopted ideas from the capitalist West in order to improve China’s economy
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CHANGES IN CHINA AFTER MAO ZEDONG 1976-PRESENT
After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, his successor, DengXiaopingbegan to make changes in the economic and social systems of China
ECONOMIC POLICY • DengXiaoping adopted ideas from the capitalist West in order to improve China’s economy • The 4 Modernizations • Industry • Agriculture • Science/Technology • Defense • the total market values of goods and services produced by workers
ECONOMIC POLICY • the communes were replaced by the “responsibility system” • the peasants worked the land, gave part of what they grew to the government and could sell the rest for profit
Economic Changes of Deng Xiaoping • Government owned major industries, but allowed some privately owned small businesses and private ownership of property • Encouraged Western investment and trade, especially of Western technology • Changes led to a higher standard of living, but also created a gap between richer and poorer classes
SOCIAL POLICY • China’s large population(1.3 billion) created a drain on the country’s resources (ex. food, fuel) and slowed economic growth • One Child Policy: parents are encouraged, through a system of rewards and punishments, to have only one child • rewards include better housing, education; punishment includes fines • has worked better in cities rather than in rural areas
One Child Policy • Population growth has slowed, despite resistance based on: • religious ideas (ex. Ancestorworship– children are needed to carry out the veneration of ancestors) • economic motives (ex. Children = workers) • cultural beliefs (ex. Sons are needed to carry on the family name and are considered an asset rather than a burden)
Deng Xiaoping did not change : • the government’s policy toward dissidents (those who disagree with the government • refused to grant political freedoms • Troops and tanks were used to break up a peaceful protest for democracy in Tiananman Square in1989 • Thousands were killed or jailed
Dissidents • have been routinely tortured and jailed • despite protests by the US against the abuse of human rights • The government has also kept tight control over China’s ethnic minorities, some of whom would like to rule themselves • ex. Tibet • The Great Teacher of Wisdom
What did the 2008 Olympic Games signify for China and the world? • China’s emergence as a major world power, modern country • National pride • Symbolic representation of Chinese culture, history in opening ceremonies
What are some key implications of China’s reemergence onto the world stage? • Increased involvement in international politics • Role in global economy • Major investment in Africa and Asia • Rapid growth, environmental impact
What does “Made in China” mean for the people of China? • Rapid Urbanization & resettlement • Factory of the World • Consumerism • Environmental Pollution • Urbanization and Rural decay • Migration • Changing Lifestyles for Urban and Rural citizens • Social Media and Democratic Reform • Chinese Dream
Basic Education • 1950: 20% over age 15 are literate • 2007: 93.3% over age 15 are literate while 99% of 15-24 year olds are literate • 2009, PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) international rankings of 15 year olds placed Shanghai students first in the world in mathematics, science and literacy
Health • 1949: Average Life Expectancy of 35 years • 2012: Average Life Expectancy of 74.8 years • But life expectancy would be much higher if respiratory illnesses (cigarettes, air pollution) could be reduced, water quality improved and food safety increased. • Improvements to public health should provide huge gains in life expectancy.
Q: In what ways has China’s economic miracle failed to improve society? • Pollution • Corruption • Consumerism • Endless pursuit of status goods • Rising Search for spiritual alternative (Christianity is growing very fast) • Vice (drugs, gambling, prostitution) is a rising menace. • Congestion
100-km Chinese traffic jam enters Day 9 Last Updated: Monday, August 23, 2010 | 1:43 PM ET CBC News External Links Xinhua: Highway jam enters its 9th day, spans 100km (Note: CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of external sites - links will open in new window) (David Gray/Reuters) A nine-day traffic jam in China is now more than 100 kilometres long and could last for weeks, state media reported Monday. Thousands of trucks en route to Beijing from Huai'an in the southeast have been backed up since Aug. 14, making the National Expressway 100 impassable, Xinhua News reported. A spokesman for the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau reportedly told China's Global Times newspaper that the backup was due to "insufficient traffic capacity … caused by maintenance construction.“ The construction is scheduled to last until Sept. 13.Stranded drivers appear to have few options when it comes to dealing with the jam. At least some drivers have complained that roadside vendors have increased their prices to take advantage of the traffic jam. One truck driver said he bought instant noodles from one vendor for four times the original price.
Q: In what ways has China’s economic miracle failed to improve society? • Failure to introduce meaningful political and legal reform. • Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 • Internet and press are subject to heavy handed censorship • Courts and police are corrupt and serve interests of the party • Despite this, the government is having difficulty resisting change: • Failure to introduce national history curriculum in Hong Kong • Need for legal reform to sustain investment • Inequality • Chinese market socialism has failed to deliver distributive justice.
