Chapter 1 and 21 Review

1. Chapter 1 and 21 Review 2012 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

2. Raised awareness of toxic pesticides with the book Silent Springs, 1962 • Hardin • Goodall • Muir • Carson • Hamilton 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

3. Best known for his 1968 essay “The Tragedy of the Commons” • Hardin • Goodall • Muir • Carson • Hamilton 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

4. Studied chimpanzees and raised awareness of several endangered species and primate behavior • Hardin • Goodall • Muir • Carson • Hamilton 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

5. 1st to identify diseases caused by working with chemicals (lead to gasoline) • Hardin • Goodall • Muir • Carson • Hamilton 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

6. Was an inventor who went blind working in his factory and vowed if he regain he eyesight back he would spend his life devoting to Gods work rather than mans. Founded the Sierra Club • Hardin • Goodall • Muir • Carson • Hamilton 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

7. An event that demonstrated the need for new soil conservation practices and policies was when • the Grand Canyon was damaged by erosion. • there was widespread drought and soil erosion in the 1930s. • Abraham Lincoln was elected President. • U.S. delegates signed the Kyoto treaty. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

8. Paul Ehrlich warned of the dangers of • toxic chemicals. • ocean pollution. • over-population. • chimpanzees. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

9. Why didn’t the United States sign the Kyoto Protocol? • The United States was not part of treaty negotiations. • The terms of the treaty were considered too weak. • It was considered costly and contained inconsistent requirements for different nations. • The United States does not contribute to global warming. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

10. Solutions to environmental problems require • individual action. • the cooperation of many people. • a basis in scientific methods and knowledge. • All of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

11. If you wanted to protest the development of a shopping plaza over a wetland you should contact • local government. • United States Senator. • state representative. • Congressional Representative. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

12. A government restricts the production of a certain chemical. This is an example of a(n) • economic failure. • marketing ploy. • economic incentive. • regulation. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

13. A government offers low-interest loans to people who build solar homes. This is an example of a(n) • economic failure. • marketing ploy. • economic incentive. • Regulation. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

14. Which of these planned projects would not need to file an EIS with the federal government? • building a new airport • building a dog house on your property • building a new highway • building a new dam 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

15. An organized attempt to influence the decisions of lawmakers is called • informing. • lobbying. • coercing. • debating. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

16. Which of the following issues prevents or hinders efforts to achieve sustainability? • who will solve environmental problems • who is responsible for environmental problems • who pays the costs of implementing solutions • All of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

17. The term “biodiversity” refers to • The number of species living on Earth. • The number and variety of species living on Earth. • The number and variety of species that are considered renewable. • The number and variety of species that live in an area. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

18. Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” essay addresses the conflicts associated with what environmental challenge? • preventing pollution • curbing overpopulation • preserving biodiversity • protecting shared resources 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

19. Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution is an example of a(n) • cost-benefit analysis. • ecological footprint. • risk assessment. • market equilibrium. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

20. Why do people lobby? • to negotiate treaties • to avoid voting • to influence governmental policies • None of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

21. Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history? • hunter-gatherer period • industrial revolution • agricultural revolution • mechanical revolution 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

22. Which of the following is a developing nation? • the United States • Canada • France • Ethiopia 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

23. Compared to developing nations, developed nations have • lower health standards. • greater personal wealth. • faster-growing populations. • higher health standards. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

24. An ecological footprint is the • mark a person’s shoe makes in soft earth. • number of animals a person has killed. • amount of land and ocean area needed to support one person. • number of trees people cut down. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

25. Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describes • the availability of abundant resources. • the relationship between the availability and the worth of resources. • the worth of nonrenewable resources. • reduced demand resulting from a lack of available resources. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

26. According to the law of supply and demand, what would occur if the supply of oil increase and cars no longer required gas • oil prices would drop • Car prices would decrease • oil prices would increase • Car prices would increase 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

27. An ideal sustainable world would be characterized by the • preservation of rare animals by relocation from natural habitats to laboratories. • invention of safer storage facilities for increased amounts of toxic wastes. • maximum exploitation of natural resources using more advanced technologies. • indefinite existence of human populations in a healthy and prosperous condition. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

28. The “Tragedy of the Commons” describes the conflict between • developing and developed nations. • individuals and society. • farmers and industrialized society. • Canada and Mexico. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

29. Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population? (developed) • India • Mexico • Canada • Pakistan 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

30. During the agricultural revolution, • plants and animals were domesticated. • fossil fuel use increased. • human populations decreased due to disease. • None of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

31. Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern? • Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen. • Species extinctions have been rare throughout history. • Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions are common. • None of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

32. Using scientific information from chemistry and biology to devise a plan to clean up a lake and make it healthy again describes • ecology. • earth science. • environmental science. • social science. 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

33. The _____ was not a direct result of the Industrial Revolution. • overhunting of large mammals • improved quality of life • shift in the use of fossil fuels • growth of cities 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21

34. During the _____ period(s), humans altered their habitats. • hunter-gatherer • Industrial Revolution • agricultural revolution • All of the above 10 Environmental Science Review Chapter 1 and 21