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Structure and Function of Cells

Ch4 p 69. Structure and Function of Cells. History. Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant. History. Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple Microscopes Basically a hand lens Looked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria.

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Structure and Function of Cells

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  1. Ch4 p 69 Structure and Function of Cells

  2. History • Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells • First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

  3. History • Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple Microscopes • Basically a hand lens • Looked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria

  4. History leads to CELL THEORY • Matthias Schleiden – 1838 – All plants are made of cells • Theodor Schwann – 1839 – All animals are made of cells All Combine to form the CELL THEORY: • All living things are made of one or more cells • Cells are the basic unit building block of organisms • Cells only come from other cells

  5. Cells are different • Can be big, little, flat, round • A nerve cell can be 2 meters long!

  6. Cells CAN NOT be that big • Size is limited by its Surface Area to Volume • Surface area is the amount of wrapping paper you need to cover a present • Volume is how much stuff is inside

  7. TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS • PROKARYOTIC: pro= ‘pre’ • Has NO nucleus • Has NO organelles • Smaller • EUKARYOTIC: • Has a nucleus • Has organelles • Larger • Complex

  8. Prokaryotic Cell

  9. Organelles that we care about: • Nuclear envelope • Ribosome • Flagella • Rough ER • Smooth ER • Golgi • DNA • Lysosomes • Centrioles • Cell wall • Vacuole • Cell membrane • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Cytoskeleton • Nucleolus • Cytoplasm

  10. ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts 1. Nucleus • Control center • Surrounded by nuclear membrane • Nuclear Pore – a door to let information out of the nucleus • Contains DNA • DNA is also known as chromosomes or chromatin • Is the actual directions for building the cell and the organism • Codes for (instructions) PROTEINS • Nucleolus • Where ribosomes are made

  11. ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts 2. Mitochondria • Changes your food into energy called ATP • ‘MIGHTY MITOCHONDRIA’ • Where respiration takes place 3. Ribosomes • RRR = Ribosomes READ RNA and make Proteins • They help direct how to make a protein • Can be attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm

  12. ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Can be smooth – no ribosomes connected • Or rough – ribosomes stuck on it • Where chemicals and proteins are made and wrapped in a membrane – MAKES THINGS • Looks like a warm lava lamp 5. Golgi Apparatus • Fixes proteins to be sent out of the cell • GOLGI = FEDEX

  13. ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts 6. Lysosomes • Break down old cell parts • Break down food 7. Cytoskeleton • Made of: • Microfilaments • Microtubules • Sticks that provide support • Help move parts around the cell, like roads • Become SPINDLE FIBERS for cell division

  14. ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts 8. Cilia or Flagella • Hair like organelles • MOVEMENT 9. Centrioles • Helps direct cell division 10. Cell Membrane • SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’ • Selectively permeable • PhospholipidBilayer

  15. CELL MEMBRANE 10. Cell Membrane • SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’ • Selectively permeable • PhospholipidBilayer • Hydrophobic tail • Hydrophilic head

  16. ORGANELLES = Plant Cell Parts 11. Vacuole • Holds water, and minerals • Largest part of the plant cell 12. Cell Wall • Structure of the plant 13. Chloroplast • PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose

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