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Structure and Function of Cells

Structure and Function of Cells. Cell Membrane. Outer Shell of the Cell Separates the cell from the external environment Regulates what comes into and out of the cell Security system of the cell . Cytoplasm. Jelly Like mixture Contains molecules and small cell parts(organelles)

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Structure and Function of Cells

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  1. Structure and Function of Cells

  2. Cell Membrane • Outer Shell of the Cell • Separates the cell from the external environment • Regulates what comes into and out of the cell • Security system of the cell

  3. Cytoplasm • Jelly Like mixture • Contains molecules and small cell parts(organelles) • Contains enzymes to drive chemical reactions

  4. DNA • Long molecule containing information • Controls cells activities • Mutations can cause irregular cell division • Complex instructions

  5. Nucleus • Controls cells activities • Stores DNA • Large, Round/Oval Shape • Is made up of the following parts: • Nuclear Membrane • DNA • Nucleolus • In both Plant and Animal Cells

  6. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds Nucleus • Selectively Permeable • Controls what moves into and out of the nucleus • Both Plant and Animal Cells

  7. Nucleolus • Found inside the nucleus • Creates Ribosomes • Both Plant and Animal Cells

  8. Mitochondrion (Mitochondria) • Bean shaped with inner membranes • Breaks down sugar molecules into energy • Both Plant and Animal Cells

  9. Ribosome • Small bodies that are free within the cell or attached to E.R. • Produce Proteins • Created by the Nucleolus • Both Plant and Animal Cells

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Network of tubes or membranes • Carries materials through the cell • Smooth and Rough ER • Rough ER have Ribosome attached • Both plant and animal cells

  11. Vacuole • Fluid-filled sacs • Store food, water, waste • Plants store large amounts of food, have large vcacuoles • Both Plant and Animal Cells

  12. Golgi Bodies • Packages proteins for transport • Tubes and membranes • Thought of as UPS or Post Office of the cell

  13. Lysosome • Small, round with a membrane • Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller pieces • Digests old cell parts • Uncommon in Plants, common in Animal Cells

  14. Plant Cell Parts • Parts that are common only in Plant cells include: • Cell Wall • Chloroplast • Chlorophyll

  15. Cell Wall • Outer Layer of Plant Cell • Rigid, strong • Made of cellulose • Provides Support, Protection • Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

  16. Chloroplast • Green, oval • Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant • Contain Chlorophyll

  17. Chlorophyll • Very small, round, green • Provide pigment to the plant • Used during photosynthesis

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