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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi.

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi This chapter describes the morphology, life cycles, and ecological importance of the kingdom Fungi. The divisions of fungi are established on the basis of variations in sexual reproduction. Lichens are symbiotic complexes of fungi and algae. Fungi play an important ecological role, both as decomposers and by their mychorrizal associations with plant roots. A flagellated protistan may have been the common ancestor to fungi and animals.

  2. Introduction to the Fungi • Most fungi are multicellular eukaryotes. • They differ from other eukaryotes in their nutrition, structure,growth, and reproduction. http://www.dazed.org/npa/npj/200206/fungi%20picback.jpg

  3. Introduction to the Fungi • Fungi are heterotrophs • They obtain nutrition through absorption, in which they take up small molecules from their surroundings. • Fungi secrete hydrolytic enzymes and digest food outside their bodies. http://mercury.bio.uaf.edu/courses/biol105/lectures/Section4/4b4b.jpg

  4. Introduction to the Fungi • The bodies of fungi are composed of filaments called hyphae that are intertwined together to form a mycelium (the body). • Most fungi are multicellular and the hyphae are made up of cells with walls between them called septa. • The cell walls are made of chitin. http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/31-01-FungalMycelia-L.jpg

  5. Introduction to the Fungi • Know Figure 31.2 http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/31-01-FungalMycelia-L.jpg

  6. Introduction to the Fungi • Fungi produce spores either sexually or asexually • They disperse spores in order to reproduce • The spores of most fungal species are haploid http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/fungi9.jpg

  7. Sexual vs Asexual Fungi Reproduction http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/doc/class/bio1151/Locked/media/ch31/31_05FungiLifeCycle.jpg

  8. Diversity of Fungi • There are four phyla of fungi: • Chytridiomycota • Zygomycota • Ascomycota • Basidomycota http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%209/Fungi.jpg

  9. Diversity of Fungi • Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) • Aquatic saprobes or parasites • Thought to be the most primitive of fungi http://www.avocadosalad.org/jquest/bio/images/funchytrids.JPG

  10. Diversity of Fungi • Division Zygomycota (zygote fungi) • Terrestrial • Some form mycorrhizae – mutualistic assocations with plant roots (Producing enzymes that encourage root growth) • Common specimen is bread mold (Rhizopus) http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/31.6.jpg

  11. Diversity of Fungi • Ascomycota (sac fungi) • Live in a variety of environments • Common forms include unicellular yeasts, cup fungi, morels, and lichens http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/fungi_orangepeel.jpg

  12. Diversity of Fungi • Basidiomycota (club fungus) • Include mushrooms • Important decomposers of plant material http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/clubfungi.jpg

  13. Diversity of Fungi • Three other important fungi include: • Molds • Yeasts • Lichens http://www.moldfighter.com/pictures/mold_large.jpg http://www.ipb-halle.de/ipb/user/tfester/english/beer/ingreds/yeast2.jpg http://peter.odryna.com/photolib/vacations/1998jun%20Yosemite/images/Lichen%20in%20tree.jpg

  14. Diversity of Fungi • Molds • Rapidly growing fungi that reproduce asexually • Saprobes or parasites • Common form is penicillin, other forms are also used as antibiotics http://www.eamlabs.com/penicillin.png

  15. Diversity of Fungi • Yeasts • Unicellular fungi that live in moist habitats • Produce asexually by budding • Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in baking, brewing, and molecular genetic research http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/171/171455.jpg

  16. www.treedictionary.com/.../lichens-2.html Diversity of Fungi • Lichens • Symbiotic associations of photosynthetic microorganisms (algae) embedded in a network of fungal hyphae • Hardy organisms that are pioneers on rock and soil surfaces http://www.herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/FunFacts/LichenXS.jpg

  17. Ecological Impacts of Fungi • Fungi are important decomposers that release organic nutrients, enabling them to cycle through the environment • Pathogenic fungi cause athlete’s foot, yeast infections, and lung infections • Some fungi are edible, such as commercially cultivated mushrooms as well as some wild mushrooms http://www.nifg.org.uk/amanita_muscaria2.jpg

  18. Phylogenetic Relationships of Fungi • Flagellated stage found in the most ancient lineage of chytrids is indicative of a protist ancestor • Other fungal divisions lost their flagellated stages as they developed reproduction and dispersal methods for life on land • Comparisons of proteins and ribosomal RNA indicate that animals and fungi diverged from a common ancestor http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb/class/fungi/fungiphylotree.jpg

  19. Sexual vs Asexual Fungi Reproduction http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/doc/class/bio1151/Locked/media/ch31/31_05FungiLifeCycle.jpg

  20. Fungi Lifecycle http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/__data/page/1431/fungilife.gif

  21. Label Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and meiosis p. 582 http://fp.bio.utk.edu/botany/Botany_courses/botany110/StudyAids/Quizes/quiz152.gif

  22. Label Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and meiosis p. 582 http://smccd.net/accounts/case/fungi/basidiolife.gif

  23. Ecological Impacts of Fungi Phylogenetic Relationships of Fungi

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