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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Chapter 20. Fungal Structure Most fungi are multicellular Have thread-like structures called hyphae that develop from spores Hyphae are divided into separate cells by walls called septae Septae have pores that allow materials to pass through from cell to cell

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Chapter 20

  2. Fungal Structure • Most fungi are multicellular • Have thread-like structures called hyphae that develop from spores • Hyphae are divided into separate cells by walls called septae • Septae have pores that allow materials to pass through from cell to cell • A network of hyphae form a mycelium • Fungal cell walls are made of chitin

  3. Fungal Adaptations • Obtaining food • All fungi are heterotrophs; get nutrition through a process called extracellular digestion • 3 ways to obtain food • Saprophyte  decomposer; feed on waste or decaying matter • Mutualists symbiotic relationship with another organism • Parasite  use a host to get nutrients • Produce specialized hyphae called haustoria

  4. Fungal Reproduction • Fragmentation  hyphae break off and grow new mycelium • Budding  new individual forms on the parent and breaks off • Spores  reproductive cell that forms a new organism • Some spores are produced in a structure called a sporangium • Spores can be haploid or diploid • Advantages of spores • Produced in large numbers • Protected by sporangia • Light weight and easy to disperse

  5. Fungal Diversity • Phylum Zygomycota bread mold • Decomposers • Have specialized hyphae called stolons that grow horizontally and rhizoids that grow into the food source • Phylum Ascomycota  yeast, mold, truffles • Spores develop in a structure called an ascus • Spores are called ascospores • Decomposers

  6. Phylum Basidiomycota mushrooms, stinkballs • Decomposers • Have club shaped hyphae called basidia • Phylum Deuteromycota used to make penicillin, bleu cheese • No sexual stage

  7. Mutualistic relationships • Mycorrhiza a fungus lives symbiotically with a plant • The plant gets more nutrients • The fungus gets sugars and amino acids from the plants • Lichen  a fungus lives symbiotically with an algae • The algae gets water and minerals from the fungus • The fungus gets food from the photosynthetic algae

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