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Short Course on Tectonics and Topography Universita’ degli Studi Pisa Aprile, 2005 Frank J. Pazzaglia Department of Eart

Short Course on Tectonics and Topography Universita’ degli Studi Pisa Aprile, 2005 Frank J. Pazzaglia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lehigh University 31 Williams Bethlehem, PA 18015 fjp3@lehigh.edu. Lecture 1. Bias of the Professor Types of Landscape Evolution Models

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Short Course on Tectonics and Topography Universita’ degli Studi Pisa Aprile, 2005 Frank J. Pazzaglia Department of Eart

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  1. Short Course on Tectonics and Topography Universita’ degli Studi PisaAprile, 2005 Frank J. Pazzaglia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lehigh University 31 Williams Bethlehem, PA 18015 fjp3@lehigh.edu • Lecture 1. • Bias of the Professor • Types of Landscape Evolution Models • Qualitative Models • Physical Models • Numeric Models • Key Principles in Process Geomorphology • What Drives Erosion – Climate or Relief ?

  2. E. Wohl D. Merritts A. J. Stose E. Knopf L. Oglivie conoplains (1902) F. Bascom Ci sto provandonon essere debole…. Tom Gardner S. G. Wells V. Baker W. Bull Tectonic geomorph L. Lattman J. Moss S. A. Schumm complex response, time and space scales L. Leopold hydraulic geometry (1957) J. H. Mackin Graded Rivers (1947) W. Fenneman physiographic provinces S. Judson A. Strahler J. T. Hack Dynamic Equilibrium (1960) D. Johnson Stream sculpture on the Atlantic Slope (1931) Kirk Bryan pediments, escarpment retreat G. K. Gilbert Geology of the Henry Mountains (1877) W. M. Davis The Rivers and Valleys of Pennsylvania (1889); The Geographic Cycle (1899) J. W. Powell Base level (1875) Reds Wolman Process fluvial geomorph N. Southard Shaler Bill Dietrich Process Geomorphology Josh Roering Process Geomorphology Tom Dunne Hydrology L. Agassiz Kelin Whipple Process Geomorphology

  3. Landscape Evolution Models: The Basis of Tectonic and Topography Interaction Qualitative • Classic paradigms, often philosophical, of how landscapes change with time. • Represent end-member conditions and are difficult to apply globally. • Useful in the sense that they are derived from observation and in the end, all modelsmust match observation. • Example: The Geographic Cycle; Dynamic Equilibrium Physical • An attempt to reduce the size and complexity of nature to a space andtime scale consistent with observable changes over our (short) attention span andfunding cycle. • Unscaled reality • Scale models • Analogue models • Examples: Jurassic Tank at St. Anthony’s Falls Lab, MN; “Fog Box” of Universite’ de Rennes Numeric • An attempt to reduce the size and complexity of nature through the use of mathematical expressions, each one representing a specific geomorphic process. • Examples: GOLEM, CHILD, ZSCAPE

  4. King

  5. Gilbert – Hack, form = process

  6. E = K Am Sn

  7. Disturbance of natural systems Flume Baltimore Canyon Trough Atlantic (US) margin Flux of eroded rock (103km3 / yr) time (m.y.)

  8. Thresholds

  9. Complex response

  10. Process Linkage “wet” millennia Lateral incision, and widestrath during wet Vertical incision, or at least a narrow strath during dry “dry” millennia Meyer et al., 1995

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