Presentation Transcript

1. What’s going on in the early 20th Century?

2. Presidents 3 Republican who were pro-business Warren Harding – “Return to Normalcy” Corruption – Teapot Dome Scandal Calvin Coolidge – “The business of America is business” “Consumer era” begins Herbert Hoover – “Rugged Individualism” Every man for himself attitude Increased American energy – Hoover Dam 1929 – Stock Market Crash – end of economic success Hoover had no plans to fix the nation, hands off
3. Industry “The Age of Mass consumption” Mass market of good, lowing of production cost Advertising increases demand Higher wages equal more $ = more spending and leisure time Buying on credit! “Speculation boom” buying and selling items for profit “Uneven prosperity” – 25% had more, other ¾ had no saving and feared poverty
4. Industry Henry Ford – Assembly Line Increase of production = decrease in prices Automobile boom = Railroad companies competition Car ownership + High wages = economic prosperity Aviation advancements – 1902 Kitty Hawk Glenn Curtiss – 1909 invented sea plane 1912 – Navy bought first aircraft 1919 – First aircraft to cross the Atlantic 1927 - Charles Lindbergh solo flight across the Atlantic “Spirit of St. Louis”
5. The Red Scare Post WWI – Americans began to fear Communism Communist threatened to spread revolutions in Europe “RED SCARE” = Atmosphere of panic Anarchist bombings in Washington DC 1919 – Palmer Raids – 4, 000 people arrested - 600 people deported Assistant to Palmer – J. Edgar Hoover (FBI) Restriction on immigration with Quotas “Isolationist policy” – Foreign nations
6. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial Red Scare or Racism? Was nativism a factor? Why is this case relevant today? Immigration issues along the Mexican-American boarder KKK/Jim Crow legacy in the South
7. Nativism and Racism Red Scare + Anarchist bombings + Sacco/Vanzetti trial = Nativism Nativism = dislike/distrust of foreigners “Great Migration” – African American went north to escape segregation (wanted right and work) Ku Klux Klan – 1915 – hostile to immigrants/blacks Segregation in the South = Jim Crow Laws
8. 18th Amendment - Prohibition Banning the sale of alcoholic drinks (1919) Temperance Movement – Frances Willard Advocated for women’s rights Advocated for prison reform Advocated for 8-hour work day Advocated for improved working condition in factories Forces beliefs/morals on society as a whole “Clash of cultural values” Increase of lawlessness/crime – rise of Al Capone Repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment - Nation rejected/chose not to abide by the law
9. The Scopes “Monkey” Trial TN banned teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution State believed Darwin contradicted the Biblical account of creation 1925 – John Scopes, biology teacher arrested Nationwide attention – broadcast on radio Religious beliefs vs. New scientific theories Clarence Darrow defended Scopes Scopes convicted of teaching evolution and fined $1
10. 19th Amendment – Women have the Right to Vote Cultural changes – Women Household appliances reduced work worked outside of the home College opportunities Became assertive, had independence Manners and morals changes Rejected restrictive clothing and old fashions “Flapper” – short revealing dresses, make-up, heels, short-choppy hair Sigmund Freud – influenced increase openness about sexuality Went on dates, went dancing without chaperones THE ROARING 20’s
11. Cultural Changes - Youth Considered – “Lost Generation” Rejected material wealth Scarred by horrors and brutality of WWI Zany fads like marathon dancing Other Changes: Entertainment Baseball – Babe Ruth Boxing – Jack Dempsey Sports, Radio, Movies, Magazine Leisure time activities
12. The Harlem Renaissance Brought on by the “Great Migration” NAACP helped people settle in the cities 200,000 plus lived in Harlem “Jazz Age” – new form of African-American music Awakening of AA culture Optimism about culture and confidence in communities and future opportunities “Tin Pan Alley” in NYC Mix of Music - Jazz, Blues, Ragtime = American popular music created
13. Heroes and Writers Marcus Garvey – Political activist, stressed racial unity Spoke out against racism, stated “self-help” “Back-to-Africa Movement” – to help AA who were struggling with city life after migration Langston Hughes / Alain Locke Expressed pride in AA heritage/attacked racism Focused on determination to overcome racial prejudice Ernest Hemingway – WWI experiences “A Farwell to Arms” Sinclair Lewis – Ridiculed hypocrisy of American life – Nobel Prize in 1930 F. Scott Fitzgerald – Focused on material wealth in America – “The Jazz Age” and “The Great Gatsby”