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48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae). Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae). Lamiales Clade. 47) Solanaceae. 50) Rubiaceae. 51) Gentianaceae. Asterids I. 50) Rubiaceae. Coffee or Madder Family Herbs, shrubs and trees
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48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae) Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae) Lamiales Clade 47) Solanaceae 50) Rubiaceae 51) Gentianaceae Asterids I
50) Rubiaceae • Coffee or Madder Family • Herbs, shrubs and trees • Leaves opposite or whorled, usually entire; stipules present, interpetiolar, and connate, occasionally leaf-like • Flowers 4- or 5-merous ; corolla plate- or funnel-shaped, adaxial surface often with hairs • Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, adnate to the corolla • Flowers often heterostylous • Ovary inferior
ExamplesRubiaceae • Coffea arabica and C. robusta (coffee) • Galium spp. (bedstraw) • Houstonia (bluet)
51) Gentianaceae • Gentian Family • Herbs (shrubs and trees) often with winged stems • Leaves opposite, entire, without stipules, often united at base • Flowers perfect, usually in cymes; sepals 4-5, connate; petals 4-5, connate, plate, funnel or bell-shaped, margins sometimes fringed • Stamens as many as and adnate to petals
ExamplesGentianaceae • Gentianopsis crinata (gentian) shown • Centaurium (century)
52) Asclepediaceae (now included in Apocynaceae) • Milkweed Family • Sap milky • Leaves opposite or whorled, stipules absent • Flowers 5-merous with distinctive corona, pollinia, translators and corpuscula • Fruit a follicle • Seed with a tuft of silky hairs
ExamplesAsclepdiaceae • Asclepedium (milkweed) • Stapelia • Dischidia
Dischidia spp. – leaves forming a bladder that ants fill with soil and other material forming a miniature garden