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Grammar unit

Grammar unit. What is a Clause?. Clause : a word group that contains a verb and its subject, which can be used as a sentence or part of a sentence Every clause contains a subject and a verb, but not every clause expresses a complete thought.

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Grammar unit

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  1. Grammar unit

  2. What is a Clause? • Clause: a word group that contains a verb and its subject, which can be used as a sentence or part of a sentence • Every clause contains a subject and a verb, but not every clause expresses a complete thought. • There are two types of clauses (independent and subordinate/ dependent). • P 109

  3. Independent Clause • Independent clause: phrase or group of words that can stand alone as a sentence. It fits into a sentence but can stand on its own. • Examples: • My mother drove me to school. • My mother drove me to school, but my brother rode his bike. • She walked her dog. • The sun was setting as she walked her dog through the park. • P110

  4. Subordinate/ Dependent Clauses • Subordinate clause: does NOT express a complete thought and cannot stand alone by itself as a sentence. • (Volunteer) • Certain words signal a subordinate clause. • Adjective and adverb clauses are types of subordinate clauses. • Examples: • If the dress is too long • If the dress is too long, we will hem it. • That the veterinarian recommended • The new food that the veterinarian recommended is good for our hamster. • Since he went to college • Since he went to college, he has changed. • P111

  5. Adjective and Adjective Phrases • Adjective: modifies a noun or a pronoun • Example: pretty • Adjective phrase: prepositional phrase used as an adjective • Example: The shirt with blue stripes is on sale.

  6. Dependent clauses: Adjective Clauses • Adjective clauses are dependent clauses; they cannot stand alone and they do not express a complete thought, but they contain a verb and its subject. • Adjective clauses: modify a noun or pronoun. Adjectives clauses begin with words such as who, whom, whose, which and that. • Examples: • Who raises the most money • That cat in the window • P114 A

  7. Adverbs and Adverb Phrases • Adverb: modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb • Answers the questions: When? Where? How? Why? How often? How long? • Examples: • soon, carefully • Adverb Phrase: modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb • Answers the questions: When? Where? How? Why? How often? How long? • Example: • We got our new puppy at the animal shelter.

  8. Dependent clauses: Adverb Clauses • Adverb clauses are dependent clauses; they cannot stand alone and they do not express a complete thought, but they contain a verb and its subject • Adverb clauses: modify a verb, adjective, or adverb. Adverb clauses begin with words such as after, as, because, if, since, whenever, and when. • *When you use or see these words, it should tell you that you are reading or writing a subordinate clause. • Example: • If you take the dog out • If you take the dog out, I will make you cookies! • P117 A

  9. Index Card - Front Words that signal a dependent/sub. clause: where that when as long as though whom if after as much as until whose as before as soon as ,which since while as though becausewheneveralthough in order that wherever who unless *Note: the word “which” always takes a comma. - Ex: It was snowing, which made driving difficult. *The red words are called “time and place words.” When you start a sentence with any of these “time and place words,” you must put a comma after the dependent clause. *When you start a sentence with a dependent clause, you must put a comma after it! - Ex: Because it is snowing, I will make a snowman. When you see the words above- it should tell you ok! Here is a subordinate/dependent clause! You need to memorize these!

  10. Index Card - Back • Formula to find the Subordinate Clause • Locate the words that signal a dependent clause. Circle them, and underline the dependent clause. Check that it sounds like a fragment and can’t stand alone as a sentence. • Double-underline (or use another color) the independent clause. Check that it has a subject, verb, and expresses a complete thought. Keep in mind that sometimes the independent clause can be “interrupted” by a dependent clause. *When you start a sentence with a dependent/subordinate clause, you must put a comma after it.

  11. Questions • 1. Are adjective and adverb clauses independent or dependent clauses? • 2. How can the key words on the index card help you identify dependent clauses? • 3. Can an independent clause stand alone and be its own sentence? • 4. Can a dependent clause stand alone and be its own sentence? • 5. How can you incorporate what we have learned in your writing?

  12. Simple Sentence • Simple Sentence: contains one independent clause and no subordinate clauses • Examples: • A good rain will help the farmers. sv V • Where are my keys? vs

  13. Additional Notes • To find the subject of a sentence, ask yourself who or what is the sentence about? • To find the verb, ask yourself is the subject doing anything? If so, that is the action verb.

  14. Simple Sentences Continued • A simple sentence may have compound subjects and verbs. • Compound means more than 1. (2 subjects/2 verbs) • Example: • Fajitas and tacos are two popular Mexican dishes. (compound subject) • Kelly read her book and reported on it last week. (compound verb) • The dog and kittenlay there and napped. (compound subject and compound verb) • Question: • Why is the last sentence still a simple sentence? Remember the definition of a simple sentence!

  15. Compound Sentences • Compound Sentence: contains two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses. • Each clause is usually separated by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) (fanboys) • A semi-colon, instead of a coordinating-conjunction, may also be used to create a compound sentence. • Example: • Dina studied for the test (first independent clause), so she will do well (second independent clause). • Dina studied for the test; she will do well. • It is going to rain later, but the parade still won’t be canceled. • It is going to rain later; the parade still won’t be canceled though.

  16. Reminders • A simple sentence has only one independent clause. • It may have a compound subject or a compound verb or both. • A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses. • Each independent clause has its own subject and verb. • Each independent clause may have compound subjects, verbs, or both. • Pg 131 ex A

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