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What are the Different Types of Animal-like Protists?

What are the Different Types of Animal-like Protists?. Protozoans (Kingdom Protista*): unicellular heterotrophs, classified by organelles of motility (* non-monophyletic)

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What are the Different Types of Animal-like Protists?

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  1. What are the Different Types of Animal-like Protists? • Protozoans (Kingdom Protista*): unicellular heterotrophs, classified by organelles of motility (* non-monophyletic) • Zooflagellates (Subphylum Kinetoplasta) and Diplomonads: flagella; all animal-like taxa are parasitic, with stiffened cell membrane (pellicle); diplomonads lack mitochondria • Dinoflagellates (Phylum Dinoflagellata): bodies naked or encased in cellulose plates, typically bear two flagella, with grooves in plates; bioluminescence (Noctiluca) and fish-killing forms (Pfiesteria) • Ciliates (Phylum Ciliophora): cilia; multinucleate, common aquatic primary consumers, with oral groove; sessile, free-living, and symbiotic forms; reproduce asexually (fission) or sexually (conjugation) • Sporozoans (Phylum Apicomplexa): non-motile endoparasites with apical complex (aids entry into host) • Amebas: pseudopods; shelled forms are important zooplankton: • Foraminiferans: calcareous tests, with net-like reticupodia for prey capture • Radiolarians: siliceous tests, with multiple, retractable actinopodia

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  4. Fig. 11.17c

  5. Fig. 11.29

  6. Fig. 11.23

  7. Figs. 11.9 and 11.15

  8. Fig. 11.30

  9. Fig. 11.6

  10. Fig. 11.33

  11. Fig. 11.34

  12. Fig. 11.10

  13. What Diseases are Caused by Protozoans? • Caused by Sporozoans • Malaria: 700,000 – 2 million deaths/year (75% are children in Africa); caused by Plasmodium spp. (spread via mosquito bites); dormant liver stage (merozoites) followed by destruction of red blood cells by trophozoites( high fever) • Toxoplasmosis: parasite of cats, widespread in humans, affects pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems (HIV sufferers) • Caused by Zooflagellates, Diplomonads, Dinoflagellates • African Sleeping Sickness: caused by Trypanosomabrucei, spread via tsetse fly (~10,000 cases/year) • Chagas’ Disease: caused by Trypanosomacruziin Central and South America, spread by kissing bugs (~45,000 deaths/year) • Giardia: caused by Giardia lamblia(Diplomonad), causes severe diarrhea, spread via animal feces in streams and lakes (hikers contract) • Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning and Ciguatera: caused by dinoflagellate toxins (ex. domoic acid); risks involve red tides, eating tropical piscivores (ex. barracuda) • Others: amebic dysentery and meningitis, trichomonas(STD)

  14. Fig. 11.31

  15. Fig. 11.32

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