REPUBLIC OF BULGARİA

1. REPUBLIC OF BULGARİA

2. A Brief History of Bulgaria • Thracians (from about 400 BC): tribal society • Romans (by 100 AD) • Roman Empire split in two ( in 395) • Byzantine Empire • Slavs (500 AD)

3. … • Khan Asparukh : ruler of a Bulgar tribe in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 680/681. • The Byzantine Empire recognized the state of Bulgaria • Emperor Constantine V • Khan Krum

4. … • In 816, Khan Omurtag made peace. • In 846, Bulgaria accepted Christianity. • Simeon The Great (893-927)- Emperor of all the Bulgars and Greeks. • In the later 10th century, Bulgaria declined. • In 1014, after the Battle of Belasita, the Byzantines captured 15,000 Bulgars. • In 1018, Bulgaria became part of the Byzantine Empire.

5. Bulgaria In The Middle Ages • Heavy taxation provoked rebellion. • In 1202, the Byzantines accepted the situation and made peace. • In 1204, the Crusaders captured Constantinople. • Ivan Asen II (1218-1241) • In 1330 – The battle of Velbuzhd

6. Bulgaria Under Turkish Rule • In 1393 – Ottomans captured Turnovo. • Bulgaria was under Turkish rule for nearly 500 years. • In 1688 – Bulgarians rose in rebellion. • In the 19th century - Nationalism • In 1896 – Some Bulgarians rose in revolt

7. Independent Bulgaria • In April 1877 – Russia declared war on Ottoman Empire. • On 3 March, The treaty of Stefano ended the war. • Treaty of Berlin – Bulgaria was split in two. • In 1885 – People in Eastern Rumelia staged a coup. • In November 1885 – Serbians declared war. • 5 October 1908 – Prince Ferdinand announced the complete independence.

8. Bulgaria In The 20th Century • In October 1912, the three countries invaded Turkish territory in Europe. • On 29 June 1913, Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece. • World War I • In September 1918, French and British troops entered Bulgaria. • On 29 September 1918, Bugaria signed an armistice. • In 1919, Bulgaria was forced to sign the treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine.

9. … • Royal authoritarian dictatorship by tsar Boris III, Bulgaria entered World War II. • In the summer of 1943, Boris III died. • In September 1944, the communist-dominated Fatherland Front took power. • 9 September 1944 – abolition of monachic rule. • Georgi Dimitrov (1946-1949)

10. … • Todor Zhivkov (1954-1989) • By the mid-1950s standards of living rose. • An assimilation campaign against ethnic Turks in 1980s. • On 10 November 1989 – A transition from a single-party republic to a parliamentary democracy. • In 1990 – The first free election.

11. General Information • Capital city : Sofia • Government type : Parliamentary democracy • Area: 110,879 sq km • Border countries : Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey • Population : 7,093,635 (100th in the world)

12. … • Ethnic groups: Bulgarians 84,8% Turks 8,8% Roma 4.9% Other 1,5%(including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) Languages: Bulgarian(official), Turkish, Roma, Other

13. … • Religions : Bulgarian Orthodox 82,6%, Muslims 12,2%, Other Christians 1,2%, Other 4% • GDP(purchasing power parity) : $96,78 billion • GDP per capita : $13,500 • Labor force : 2,499 million • Unemployment rate : 9,5% • Population below poverty line 21,8%

14. … • National resources : Bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land. • Export partners : Germany 10,9%, Italy 9,9%, Romania 9,5%, Greece 8,1%, Turkey 7,9%, France 4,1% • Import partners : Russia 16,3%, Germany 11,8%, Italy 7,5%, Romania 7,1%, Greece 6%, Turkey 5,2%, Ukraine 4,2%