China

1. China Chapter 8 & 16 Pg. 134 & 292 Do not take notes on the ORANGE words.

2. Objectives What role does religion play? Discuss the impact of the innovations of the period. How did government develop? How did they rise/fall? Describe daily life during history.

3. China Vocabulary • Huang River • Chang River (Yangtze) • Loess • Feudal State • Mandate of Heaven • Confucius • Laozi • Paddies • Wu Di • Silk Road

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5. Timeline (Pg. 134 & 292) Ancient China • Neolithic (12000 – 2000 B.C.E.) • Xia (2100 – 1800 B.C.E.) • Shang (1700 – 1027 B.C.E.) • Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 220 B.C.E.) • Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 B.C.E.) • Han Dynasty (220 B.C. – 220 C.E.) • Three Kingdoms (220 – 265 C.E.) • Chin Dynasty (265 – 420 C.E.) • Northern and Southern Dynasties (420 – 588 C.E.) • Sui Dynasty (580 – 618 C.E.) • T’ang Dynasty (618 – 907 C.E.) • Five Dynasties (907 – 960 C.E.) • Song Dynasty (960 – 1279 C.E.) • Jin Dynasty (1127 – 1234 C.E.) • Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368 C.E.) • Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 C.E.) Early Imperial China Classic Imp. China

6. Geography influenced early Chinese civilization • Northern China • Loess • Huang River Valley begins around 5000 BC • Farming • Silk • Yangtze River • Northern China • Loess • Huang River Valley begins around 5000 BC • Farming • Silk • Yangtze River

7. More Geography

8. Role of Religion • 2100 B.C.E. = Shaman develop • 1700 B.C.E. = Nobles were head of army & also religious leaders • 1027 B.C.E. = Mandate of Heaven = Human Sacrifice also banned = Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism emerge • 220 C.E. = Buddhism spreads • 580 C.E. = Nobles important: Confucianism popular • 907 C.E. = Buddhism  / Neo-Confucianism  Religion makes government weak

9. Shaman • 2100 B.C.E. • 1700 B.C.E. • 1027 B.C.E. • 220 C.E. • 580 C.E. • 907 C.E. People that communicate with spirits for help and guidance.

10. Role of Religion  Nobles Nobles loyal to the king are head of the army and seen as religious leaders who are given power to govern by the command of heaven. • 2100 B.C.E. • 1700 B.C.E. • 1027 B.C.E. • 220 C.E. • 580 C.E. • 907 C.E.

11. Mandate of Heaven Belief that a ruler wins because they are worthy of winning because Heaven deems them worthy. Only way to know you are not worthy is to be defeated. • 2100 B.C.E. • 1700 B.C.E. • 1027 B.C.E. • 220 C.E. • 580 C.E. • 907 C.E.

12. Philosophies • Confucianism: Respect for family, hard work and education • Taoism: Keeping your life simple • Buddhism: Respect for other property and all life • Legalism: All power to the legal ruler Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. Confucius

13. Who's Buddha? Eightfold Path: • To know the truth • To intend to resist evil • To not say anything to hurt others • To respect life, property, and morality • To work at a job that does not injure others • To try to free one's mind from evil • To be in control of one's feelings and thoughts • To practice appropriate forms of concentration

14. What Philosophy do you follow? In pairs ask each other the following questions. Determine if your partner follows the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism or Legalism. • Your friend smokes and is trying to get you to start. How do you handle this situation? • You know that you are failing a class. Students from each of these doctrines know they will be in trouble when their parents find out. How do they handle this situation? • You have just found $20 in the hall. What should you do? • Your parents have just spent a lot of money on a new outfit. You have been playing around and have gotten ink all over it. What should you tell your parents, or should you? • You really like a new student in school, but all the other students are making fun of the new student's clothes. How should you act? • You know that an older brother or sister is cheating on tests. How should you act? • You see an opportunity to take something you have really want, without being caught. How should you act?

15. Buddhism Spreads • When many Confucian nobles move south, new leaders were not traditional Chinese. • Traditional Chinese Nobles were Confucian or shamanistic religions. • Peasants and other commoners believed in Buddhism because it promised an afterlife. • 2100 B.C.E. • 1700 B.C.E. • 1027 B.C.E. • 220 C.E. • 580 C.E. • 907 C.E.

16. Buddhism Declines Nobles in Charge By 955 C.E. = People in north were persecuted for believing in Buddhism. • 2100 B.C.E. • 1700 B.C.E. • 1027 B.C.E. • 220 C.E. • 580 C.E. • 907 C.E.

17. Dynasties …in a nutshell

18. Neolithic Period (12000 – 2000 B.C.) Lifestyle • Silk production • Made China famous for trade

19. Xia Dynasty (2100 – 1800 B.C.) Government • Ruling Families – • dramatic rituals • Rulers also Shaman = people that communicated with spirits for help/guidance

20. Shang Dynasty (1700 B.C. – 1027 B.C.) • Government • Ruled by kings & nobles • Religion • Nobles were head of army and religious leaders • Legendary Invention • Writing • Oracle Bones • Bamboo

21. Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 220 B.C.) Government • Defeated the Shang Dynasty • Feudal • Created Mandate of Heaven Innovations • Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism • Iron = Population growth

22. Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 B.C.) Government • Defeated Warring States (last Zhou period) • United Warring States • Used Legalism • Emphasized all power to the legal ruler Innovations • Standardized language, writing, currency and roads Fall • Emperor became a dictator • Death = end of Qin

23. Han Dynasty (206 – 220 A.D.) • Government • Continued Qin ideas + Confucius ideas • Continued unification + expansion • Innovations • Expansion led to Silk Road • Writing  recording the past • Fall • Economic & political struggles arose • Peasant movement occurred  defeated  led to un-unified China

24. Three Kingdoms (Wei, Shu, Wu)(220 – 265 A.D.) • Economy • Kingdoms grew out of chief economic areas • Fall • Constant civil war • Religion • Buddhism spread

25. Chin Dynasty (265 – 420 A.D.) • Three Kingdoms Government • Wei & Shu + Wu • Everyone’s together again = NO DANGER • Fall • Give up weapons and armies • NOT EVERYONE listened!! • Death of Chin Emperor

26. North & South Dynasties (420 – 588 A.D.) Northern Dynasties • Northern Wei • Eastern Wei • Western Wei • Northern Qi • Northern Zhou Southern Dynasties • Song • Liang • Chen • Disunity from previous dynasties • Religion • Buddhism expanded in north • Promise of after-life

27. Sui Dynasty (580 – 618 A.D.) Government • Began by Northern Zhou leader • Expanded borders Fall • Attacked and defeated in Korea 4 times! • Led to Khan and northern Turks attacking • Religion • Nobles important = Confucianism popular again

28. T’ang Dynasty (618 – 907 A.D.) Government • T’ang Code • Tax/Census System • Efficiency • Led to expanded borders • Tea trade and rice production Fall • Strong, autonomous military leaders • Peasant uprisings

29. Five Dynasties (907 – 960 A.D.) North • Five Dynasties = 5 officially recognized dynasties • Advances • Tea, Translucent Porcelain, Printing & paper money Beliefs • Buddhism declined • Binding feet

30. Song Dynasty (960 – 1279 A.D.) Government • Pay enemies -  fight them • Northern took over southern dynasties Innovations • Gunpowder / Ships • Importance of education Fall • Religion made them less strong • Nobles had too much power

31. Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368 A.D.) Government • Mongols defeated Chinese • Mongols  Chinese (completely different) Fall • Mongols did not use Chinese • Led to uprisings • Led to less revenue • Excessive spending • Stopped caring about China

32. Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 A.D.) Government •  Trade but  Military • $ Problems Innovations • Great Wall Fall • Internal struggle for power • Weak leaders

33. Impact • The Great Wall • Literature / Arts (poetry, opera and novels) • Much of knowledge lost to others through history political struggle