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Plant Taxonomy

Plant Taxonomy. By: Johnny M. Jessup Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor. Introduction. Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world.

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Plant Taxonomy

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  1. Plant Taxonomy By: Johnny M. Jessup Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor

  2. Introduction • Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. • Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. • Latin is the language used for scientific classification.

  3. Karl von Linne (1707-1778) • Swedish botanist • Developed binomial classification scheme for plants. • Uses two Latin words to indicate the genus and the species. • Changed his name to the Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus.

  4. Polynomial Nomenclature • Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis

  5. Polynomial Nomenclature • Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis • “The buttercup with bent-back sepals, curved flower stalks, erect stems and compound leaves” • descriptive, precise

  6. Binomial Nomenclature • - Began 1753, Species Plantarum • Carolus Linnaeus 18thC Sweden • Ranunculuscalycibus • Genusspecies

  7. Binomial Nomenclature • - Began 1753, Species Plantarum • Carolus linnaeus 18thC Sweden • Genusspecies • same species name • Cercis canadensis L. • Solidago canadensis L. Authority • Rules: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) • ICZN, ICMN

  8. ICBN Rules • Genus treated a noun; species asadjective • suffixes usually agree in gender • Malefemale neuter • us a um • is is re • er ris • o • Lactuca hirsut_ • Lathyrus hirsut_ • Vaccinium hirsut_

  9. Binomials • Quercus alba “white oak” • Quercus macrocarpa “burr oak” • All tree genera are treated as female! • Veronica noveboracensis (L.) Michx. • CHANGE OF CLASSIFICATION

  10. Scientific Names • The first word is the genus and the second word is the species. • If there are additional words, they indicate the variety or cultivar.

  11. Genus • Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics. • Examples: • Quercus – Oaks • Acer – Maples • Pinus – Pines • Ilex – Hollies • Cornus – Dogwoods • Ficus – Figs

  12. Species • Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same types.

  13. Scientific Classification • The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom. • Either Plant or Animal • The broadest category of the plant kingdom is Division or Phylum.

  14. Kingdoms

  15. Domains

  16. Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Suborder Family Genus Species Scientific Classification

  17. Standard Endings (ICBN) • Division: phyta • Class: opsida • Order: ales • family: aceae • Genus: • species:

  18. Divisions • The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are…. • Thallophites • Bryophytes • Pteriophytes • Spermatophytes

  19. Spermatophytes • Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. • The two subdivisions are…. • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms

  20. Taxa • Division: Anthophyta Coniferophyta Pterophyta • “flowering “pines,spruces, “ferns” plants” firs” • Magnoliopsida • Liliopsida

  21. Classification of Burr Oak: • Kingdom: Plantae • Division: Anthophyta • Class: Magnoliopsida • Order: Fagales • family: Fagaceae • Genus: Quercus • species: macrocarpa • binomial: Quercus macrocarpa

  22. Plant Characteristics

  23. Identifying Plants • Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. • Life Cycle • Form • Foliage Retention • Plant Parts • Use & Location

  24. Life Cycle • Annuals • Plants that complete their life cycle in one year. • Biennials • Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. • Perennials • Plants that live more than two years.

  25. Growth Habits • Trees • Shrubs • Vines

  26. Columnar Spreading Weeping Round Oval Pyramidal Growth Forms

  27. Spreading Columnar Weeping Growth Forms

  28. Round Pyramidal Oval Growth Forms

  29. Foliage Retention • Deciduous • Loses leaves during the dormant season. • Evergreen • Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.

  30. Plant Parts – Leaf • Arrangement • Shapes • Color • Vein Pattern • Form – Simple or Compound • Margin • Surface

  31. Leaf Arrangement – Simple

  32. Leaf Arrangement – Compound

  33. Leaf Shape

  34. Vein Pattern • Pinnate • Palmate • Parallel • Dichotomous

  35. Leaf Margin

  36. Glabrous Pubescent Villous Tomentose Scabrous Glaucous Rugose Glandular Leaf Surface • There are 8 common leaf surfaces.

  37. Leaf Surface – Glabrous • The surface is smooth, not hairy.

  38. Leaf Surface – Pubescent • Short, soft hairs cover the surface.

  39. Leaf Surface – Villous • Long, straight hairs cover the surface.

  40. Leaf Surface – Tomentose • Covered with wool-like hair.

  41. Leaf Surface – Scabrous • Covered with short, prickly hairs.

  42. Leaf Surface – Glaucous • Covered with a bluish-white waxy substance.

  43. Leaf Surface – Rugose • Surface is wrinkly.

  44. Leaf Surface – Glandular • Glands filled with oil or resin cover the surface.

  45. Plant Parts – Flowers • Color • Shape • Size

  46. Plant Parts – Bud & Stem • Shape & Color • Stem Modifications • Thorns • Spines • Prickles

  47. Thorn Spine Prickle Plant Parts – Modified Stems

  48. Plant Parts – Roots • Tap • Fibrous • Bulb

  49. Tuberous Root Tap Root Fibrous Root Plant Parts – Roots

  50. Cones Nuts (Acorns) Pomes (Apple) Drupes (Peach) Brambles (Raspberries) Capsules (Willow) Samara (Maple) Plant Parts – Fruit

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